Manejo sanitario en producción caprina en el Estado de Querétaro, México
Fecha
2013-03-06
Autores
Alfaro Rojas, María Vanessa
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo describe el manejo sanitario de la producción caprina en
diferentes localidades del Estado de Querétaro – México durante el periodo del 26 de marzo
del 2012 al 8 de junio del 2012. La pasantía fue gestionada por medio del programa Apoyo
Técnico Productivo, en el Centro de Enseñanza Investigación y Extensión en Producción
Animal en Altiplano (CEIEPAA) en el Área Caprina, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y
Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
Durante la pasantía se trabajó con un total de 304 animales de las razas: Saanen,
Toggenburg, Alpino Francés, Boer y cruces. Se desarrollaron diversas prácticas en relación
con las distintas etapas de la producción en cabras, tales como atención de partos (50),
supervisión de lactancias artificiales, supervisión del ordeño, manejo de la alimentación,
atención de casos clínicos. También se participó en labores de extensión a productores
independientes, manejo preventivo para disminuir enfermedades y plagas, buenas prácticas
en el sacrificio del cabrito lechal (15 cabritos), manejo reproductivo: inducción y detección
de celos (115 hembras), colección y evaluación del semen (16 machos), inseminación
artificial con semen fresco (109 intracervicales) y diagnóstico de gestación por
ultrasonografía abdominal (112 hembras). Además se realizaron distintas actividades
académicas, tales como: Curso Cabras II, se colaboró en las prácticas realizadas en los
Proyectos Caprinos de la Escuela de Medicina y Zootecnia, a nivel de licenciatura;
asimismo, se participó en el Taller de lácteos.
Con las actividades realizadas en el Centro se logró adquirir experiencia teóricopráctica respecto a las distintas etapas que involucra la producción en cabras. Los aprendizajes adquiridos abarcan lo referente al manejo diario dentro de una granja caprina; también los aspectos inherentes al manejo reproductivo de la especie; y por último, una
visión superficial respecto al mercado de productos caprinos en México.
The present work describes health management of goat production in different locations in Querétaro, Mexico, during the period between March 26th of 2012 and June 8th of 2012. The externship was managed by the program of technical productive support, in the Centro de Enseñanza Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal en Altiplano (CEIEPAA) in the caprine area, at the Faculty of Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). A total of 304 animals were evaluated during the externship, including the following breeds: Saanen, Toggenburg, French Alpine, Boer and cross-breeds. Different processes were developed and supervised in the diverse stages of goat production, such as birth care (50), bottle feeding, milking, nutrition management and attention to clinical cases. There was also participation in training and education to independent producers, including preventive management to reduce illnesses and plagues, slaughter welfare practices of young goats (15), as well as reproductive management, including estrous induction and detection protocols (115 females), semen collection and evaluation (16 males), intercervical artificial insemination with fresh semen (109) and gestation diagnosis with abdominal ultrasonography (112 females). Additionally, distinctive academic activities were carried out such as: Goat course II, collaboration with activities performed at the Faculty of Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, at the licentiate level, as well in a Dairy Workshop. Finally, theoretical and practical skills were acquired during this externship concerning productive and reproductive management of a goat farm, including a general overview of the caprine market in Mexico.
The present work describes health management of goat production in different locations in Querétaro, Mexico, during the period between March 26th of 2012 and June 8th of 2012. The externship was managed by the program of technical productive support, in the Centro de Enseñanza Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal en Altiplano (CEIEPAA) in the caprine area, at the Faculty of Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). A total of 304 animals were evaluated during the externship, including the following breeds: Saanen, Toggenburg, French Alpine, Boer and cross-breeds. Different processes were developed and supervised in the diverse stages of goat production, such as birth care (50), bottle feeding, milking, nutrition management and attention to clinical cases. There was also participation in training and education to independent producers, including preventive management to reduce illnesses and plagues, slaughter welfare practices of young goats (15), as well as reproductive management, including estrous induction and detection protocols (115 females), semen collection and evaluation (16 males), intercervical artificial insemination with fresh semen (109) and gestation diagnosis with abdominal ultrasonography (112 females). Additionally, distinctive academic activities were carried out such as: Goat course II, collaboration with activities performed at the Faculty of Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, at the licentiate level, as well in a Dairy Workshop. Finally, theoretical and practical skills were acquired during this externship concerning productive and reproductive management of a goat farm, including a general overview of the caprine market in Mexico.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
CAPRINOS, PRODUCCION DE ANIMALES, TECNICAS DE PRODUCCION, ATENCION MEDICA, MEDICINA VETERINARIA