Identificación de los parásitos gastrointestinales y ectoparásitos de animales silvestres en cautiverio en Costa Rica
Fecha
2007-04-13
Autores
Sibaja Morales, Karen D.
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Con el objetivo de determinar la fauna parasitaria de animales silvestres, fueron
estudiados 300 mamíferos y 198 aves mantenidas en cautiverio en 4 zoológicos de Costa Rica
durante el periodo de junio del 2005 a junio del 2006. Las muestras de heces fueron
procesadas por las técnicas de flotación (Sheather con solución de azúcar) y sedimentación
espontánea. También se recolectaron ectoparásitos y a los animales que presentaron cuadros
de dermatitis se les realizó raspados de piel. De los 300 mamíferos evaluados 161 (53.6%) se
presentaron parasitados por helmintos o protozoarios, mientras que de las 198 aves evaluadas
80 (40.4%) se presentaron parasitadas. El poliparasitismo fue más frecuente en las aves,
mientras que el monoparasitismo fue una constante en los mamíferos. Strongyloides spp,
Strongylida, Ancylostomatidae, Spiruroidea, Capillaria spp., Trypanoxyuris spp., Cestoda,
Balantidium coli, Coccidios y Giardia duodenalis fueron los parásitos gastrointestinales
diagnosticados en los mamíferos. Capillaria spp., Strongyloides avium, Coccidios, Heterakis
spp., Ascaridia spp., Cestoda, Strongylida, Balantidium struthionis y Spiruroidea fueron
diagnosticados en las aves. Las garrapatas Boophilus microplus fueron recolectadas de
Odocoileus virginianus y Tapirus bairdii, mientras Amblyomma varium fue colectado en
Choloepus hoffmanni y Bradypus variegatus. Siete perezosos presentaron sarna por Sarcoptes
scabiei y el piojo Menacanthus stramineus fue identificado en Penelope purpurascens. Por
primera vez se realiza un estudio de identificación de los parásitos de la población de animales
silvestres en cautiverio en Costa Rica.
To determine the parasitic population in wild animals, 300 mammals and 198 birds kept in captivity were studied in four zoos in Costa Rica from June 2005 to June 2006. Feces samples were studied with flotation technique (Sheather technique with sugar solution) and spontaneous sedimentation. Ectoparasites were collected, and scraps were performed in those animals with dermatitis. From the 300 evaluated mammals, 161 (53.6%) were infected by helminthes or prozoans; meanwhile 80 (40.4%) of the 198 evaluated birds had parasites. Poliparasitism was more frequently seen in birds, and monoparasitism was seen more often in mammals. Stronyiloides spp, Strongylida, Ancylostomatidae, Spiruroidea, Capillaria spp., Trypanoxyuris spp., Cestoda, Balantidium coli, Coccidians and Giardia duodenalis were the gastrointestinal parasites diagnosed in mammals. Capillaria spp., Strongyloides avium, Coccidians, Heterakis spp., Ascaridia spp., Cestoda, Strongylida, Balantidium struthionis and Spiruroidea were diagnosed in birds. Boophilus microplus ticks were collected from Odocoileus virginianus and Tapirus bairdii and Amblyomma varium in Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus. Seven sloths presented mange produced by Sarcoptes scabiei. The lice Menacanthus stramineus was identified on Penelope purpurascens. This is the first time a study for the identification of parasites in kept wild animals in Costa Rica was performed.
To determine the parasitic population in wild animals, 300 mammals and 198 birds kept in captivity were studied in four zoos in Costa Rica from June 2005 to June 2006. Feces samples were studied with flotation technique (Sheather technique with sugar solution) and spontaneous sedimentation. Ectoparasites were collected, and scraps were performed in those animals with dermatitis. From the 300 evaluated mammals, 161 (53.6%) were infected by helminthes or prozoans; meanwhile 80 (40.4%) of the 198 evaluated birds had parasites. Poliparasitism was more frequently seen in birds, and monoparasitism was seen more often in mammals. Stronyiloides spp, Strongylida, Ancylostomatidae, Spiruroidea, Capillaria spp., Trypanoxyuris spp., Cestoda, Balantidium coli, Coccidians and Giardia duodenalis were the gastrointestinal parasites diagnosed in mammals. Capillaria spp., Strongyloides avium, Coccidians, Heterakis spp., Ascaridia spp., Cestoda, Strongylida, Balantidium struthionis and Spiruroidea were diagnosed in birds. Boophilus microplus ticks were collected from Odocoileus virginianus and Tapirus bairdii and Amblyomma varium in Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus. Seven sloths presented mange produced by Sarcoptes scabiei. The lice Menacanthus stramineus was identified on Penelope purpurascens. This is the first time a study for the identification of parasites in kept wild animals in Costa Rica was performed.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA, ECTOPARASITOS, ANIMALES SALVAJES, CAPTURA ANIMAL, COSTA RICA