Modelo matemático para la estimación del riesgo de tuberculosis en carne bovina para consumo humano en tres mataderos de Costa Rica.
Fecha
2008-02-28
Autores
Calvo Artavia, Francisco Fernando
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La tuberculosis bovina es una enfermedad zoonótica, causada por el Mycobacterium bovis,
que afecta el ganado a nivel mundial. En los últimos años ha tomado relevancia por parte
diferentes organismos internacionales, por ser una enfermedad re-emergente. La inspección de
carne en los mataderos es un componente para el control y prevención de la tuberculosis
bovina, y así disminuir el riesgo que representa para la población humana.
El objetivo principal de esta investigación es desarrollar un modelo matemático
epidemiológico estocástico para estimar el riesgo de tuberculosis bovina en carne, se utilizó la
información de matanza e información de decomisos ante mortem y post mortem de tres
mataderos de Costa Rica, suministrada al Departamento Zoosanitario de Exportación del
SENASA, en el período 2003 a 2006, el porcentaje de animales reactores a la prueba de
tuberculina que se estimó en 0,52%, el porcentaje de canales infectadas con M. bovis que se
estimó entre un 16-19%, peso vivo bovino y el porcentaje de aprovechamiento de canales
estimado en un 56%.
Con el programa @Risk (Palisade, 2002) se elaboró el modelo matemático, y se estimó que
probablemente un promedio de 5542 canales infectadas con tuberculosis, 970 canales con
lesiones por M. bovis, que equivalen a 1095 toneladas de carne contaminada con tuberculosis
bovina y 192 toneladas de carne con lesiones por M. bovis, fueron aprobadas como aptas para
consumo humano.
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which affects livestock worldwide. In the last few years has taken relevance by several international organizations around the world, for been a re-emerging disease. The meat inspection and surveillance at the abattoirs is an important component for the control and prevention of this disease, in order to reduce the risk for the human population. The main objective of this study was to develop an epidemiological mathematical model to estimate de risk of bovine tuberculosis in meat. For this study it was used the information of the slaughtered animals, the information of the ante mortem and post mortem bovine confiscation in three slaughter houses in Costa Rica, given to the Departamento Zoosanitario de Exportación del SENASA, during the period of 2003-2006, as well as the percentage of reactor animals to the intradermal tuberculin test estimated in 0,52%, the percentage of clean carcasses infected with M. bovis which was estimated between 16-19%, the bovine weight and the percentage of submission of the clean carcass estimated in 56%. With the computer program @Risk (Palisade, 2002) the mathematical model was made, and it was estimated that probably 5542 infected carcasses with tuberculosis, 970 carcasses with lesions by M. bovis, equivalent to 1095 tons of contaminated meat and 192 tons of meat lesions by M. bovis, were approved as suitable for human consumption.
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which affects livestock worldwide. In the last few years has taken relevance by several international organizations around the world, for been a re-emerging disease. The meat inspection and surveillance at the abattoirs is an important component for the control and prevention of this disease, in order to reduce the risk for the human population. The main objective of this study was to develop an epidemiological mathematical model to estimate de risk of bovine tuberculosis in meat. For this study it was used the information of the slaughtered animals, the information of the ante mortem and post mortem bovine confiscation in three slaughter houses in Costa Rica, given to the Departamento Zoosanitario de Exportación del SENASA, during the period of 2003-2006, as well as the percentage of reactor animals to the intradermal tuberculin test estimated in 0,52%, the percentage of clean carcasses infected with M. bovis which was estimated between 16-19%, the bovine weight and the percentage of submission of the clean carcass estimated in 56%. With the computer program @Risk (Palisade, 2002) the mathematical model was made, and it was estimated that probably 5542 infected carcasses with tuberculosis, 970 carcasses with lesions by M. bovis, equivalent to 1095 tons of contaminated meat and 192 tons of meat lesions by M. bovis, were approved as suitable for human consumption.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
TUBERCULOSIS, MATADEROS, CARNE DE RES, CONSUMO, RIESGO, MODELOS MATEMATICOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA VETERINARIA, COSTA RICA