Epidemiología de la leucosis enzoótica bovina en hatos lecheros especializados de Costa Rica
Fecha
2008-03-25
Autores
Beita Carvajal, Keren Gabriela
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el presente trabajo de investigación participaron 76 fincas lecheras especializadas,
localizadas en las principales zonas lecheras de Costa Rica, en las provincias de San José,
Cartago, Heredia, Alajuela y Guanacaste. La población total bovina muestreada fue de
8518 animales, de diferentes razas y edades (lactancias). Se determinó una
seroprevalencia de la LBE del 41,0% a nivel de animales y de 97,4% a nivel de hatos
lecheros, en donde se determinaron seroprevalencias desde 0,0% hasta 90,7%. Se
determinó una alta seroprevalencia y riesgo del VLVB en la raza Holstein a diferencia de
las demás razas lecheras. Se determinó que la seroprevalencia y riesgo de la LBE
aumenta, conforme aumenta el número de lactancias en las vacas. Se determinaron que
los factores asociados a la positividad al virus fueron: la no desinfección del equipo de
identificación, el no utilizar un guante y aguja individual, el no utilizar únicamente I.A,
el comprar animales a otras fincas, el no calentar el calostro, el no utilizar reemplazador
y el no separar físicamente las vacas con mastitis. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un
alto porcentaje de animales y hatos infectados con el VLVB y que el porcentaje de
positividad al VLVB se encuentra asociado a prácticas inadecuadas de manejo que
favorecen su diseminación dentro de los hatos lecheros.
The following investigation presents the results obtained from 76 dairy farms located in the main zones of dairy production, in the provinces of San José, Cartago, Heredia, Alajuela y Guanacaste of Costa Rica. The total bovine population sample was from 8518 animals form different breeds and ages (lactancies). The results obtained showed a seroprevalence to bovine leukosis virus (BLV) of 41,0% at animal level and a seroprevalence to BLV of 97,4% at herd level, ranging from 0,0% to 90,7%. According to breed, it was determined that Holstein cows had a higher seroprevalence and risk to BLV infection than the other breeds analyzed. Also with increasing number of lactancies, the seroprevalence and risk to BLV infecting the cows tended to increase. It was demonstrated that, the risk factors associated to the positivity of BLV in the herds were: not disinfecting the equipment for calf identification, not using of an individual obstetrical sleeve or needle, not using only artificial insemination in reproduction, not having a close herd (buying foreign animals), not heating the colostrum or not using milk replacer in calves and not separating animals with mastitis from the herd. The results obtained in the present study determined a high percentage of infected animals and farms with BLV in Costa Rica, and this was associated to inappropriate management practices in the farms which contribute to disseminate the virus
The following investigation presents the results obtained from 76 dairy farms located in the main zones of dairy production, in the provinces of San José, Cartago, Heredia, Alajuela y Guanacaste of Costa Rica. The total bovine population sample was from 8518 animals form different breeds and ages (lactancies). The results obtained showed a seroprevalence to bovine leukosis virus (BLV) of 41,0% at animal level and a seroprevalence to BLV of 97,4% at herd level, ranging from 0,0% to 90,7%. According to breed, it was determined that Holstein cows had a higher seroprevalence and risk to BLV infection than the other breeds analyzed. Also with increasing number of lactancies, the seroprevalence and risk to BLV infecting the cows tended to increase. It was demonstrated that, the risk factors associated to the positivity of BLV in the herds were: not disinfecting the equipment for calf identification, not using of an individual obstetrical sleeve or needle, not using only artificial insemination in reproduction, not having a close herd (buying foreign animals), not heating the colostrum or not using milk replacer in calves and not separating animals with mastitis from the herd. The results obtained in the present study determined a high percentage of infected animals and farms with BLV in Costa Rica, and this was associated to inappropriate management practices in the farms which contribute to disseminate the virus
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
GANADO DE LECHE, LEUCOSIS BOVINA, COSTA RICA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA VETERINARIA, BOVINOS, FINCAS