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Assessment of commercial sunscreens ecotoxicological effects on algae Raphidocelis subcapitata
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2024) Kholssi, Rajaa; Ugalde-Salazar, Rocío; Echeverría-Sáenz, Silvia; Arias-Andrés, María
This study analyzed the effect of a commercial sunscreen on the freshwater microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata, which is essential for aquatic ecosystems. A flow cytometry methodology was used to evaluate cell density and other parameters by exposing the algae to various concentrations of the product (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) for 96 hours at two temperatures (24 °C and 29 °C). The results showed a significant inhibition in the growth of R. subcapitata in all treatments compared to the control. At 10 mg L-1, a considerable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reaching up to 41% at 29 °C, was detected. A significant decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence was also observed at 24 °C with 200 mg L-1 of the sunscreen, with no relevant changes at 29 °C. In conclusion, the study highlights the negative effect of sunscreen on the growth of R. subcapitata and suggests the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of toxicity and long-term effects on marine biodiversity.