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URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14755

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    Physiological stress and habitat selection in earthworms (Amynthas gracilis) exposed to different pesticide regimes in a tropical horticultural area
    (Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2025-07-29) Brenes-Bravo, Gabriel; Reinhard, Lukas; Ruepert, Clemens; Solano-Campos, Frank; Mena, Freylan
    Agricultural landscapes are constantly exposed to pesticides. Such permanent exposure threatens the ecosystem and the services that it provides to sustain agriculture. Earthworms are key components of soil macrofauna that can be susceptible to such contamination. To assess if the presence of pesticides in horticultural soils can induce physiological stress and evasive behavior in resident earthworms, we evaluated pesticide residues and soil physical and chemical characteristics across a gradient of land use: conventional farming, farming with good environmental practices, organic farming and forest. Stress was assessed by measuring biomarkers of neurotoxicity, biotransformation and oxidative stress in individuals of the earthworm Amynthas gracilis inhabiting sites of the mentioned gradient during dry and rainy seasons. An avoidance test was conducted where a group of A. gracilis was offered with soil samples from the studied gradient, and 48 h later their selection was counted. 1 Pesticide residues were registered in all the sites and seasons. Conventional farming site contained the highest number (43) and concentration of pesticides, with peak values during the transition and rainy season (Chlorpyrifos 38.1 ng g dw, Boscalid 8.4 ng g 1 dw and Linuron 7.8 ng g 1 dw). However, the highest concentration of an individual pesticides was found in forest soil (Chlorpyrifos 71.9 ng g 1 dw). Earthworms from Conventional farming site showed over 50 % inhibition of cholinesterase activity and diminished glutathione S-transferase activity compared to the other sites, while seasonal variation was clear in GST, CAT and EROD activities in all the sites. A. gracilis significantly avoided (90 %) the soil from the conventional farming site and preferred good environmental practices and organic soils. Our results provide evidence that intensive pesticide use induces physiological stress in A. gracilis and provokes their escape from contaminated soils, potentially affecting the soil macrofauna community and ecosystem services.