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Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14823

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    Aporte ambiental de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales Los Tajos en la remoción de contaminantes fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos
    (Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2022-01-31) Mora Aparicio, Carmen; Alfaro-Chinchilla, Carolina; Perez-Molina, Junior Pastor; Vega-Guzmán, Ilena
    The objective of the study was to analyze the environmental contribution, in terms of removal of physicochemical and microbiological pollutants, from the Los Tajos Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) to the Torres River. Physicochemical and microbiological data was analyzed including WWTP inflows and outflows (OBD, OCD, TSS, STT, N-NH4 +, P-PO4 3-, Oils, MBAS, and fecal coliforms). The difference in the concentration of pollutants in the Torres River before and after the construction of the WWTP was analyzed using R 3.6.1, associated with seasonality. According to the Dutch Index Methodology, the Torres River was severely polluted before the construction of the WWTP, and the degree of contamination increases following the WWTP discharge, mainly during the rainy season. The WWTP shows significant removal of seven of the eight parameters analyzed, with the most representative removal percentages being: TSS (68.5%), OBD (49.8%), and Oils (54.7%). The quantitative contribution of the WWTP to the Torres River was demonstrated by removing thousands of Mg of pollutants from wastewater during the years of operation (2015-2020), mainly OCD (26,791.8 Mg), STT (24,162.6 Mg), OBD (12,290.0 Mg), and TSS (30,267.7 Mg). Finally, building the WWTP’s next stages, including secondary treatment, is needed to improve the removal of organic matter, surfactants, and nutrients.
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    Estudio preliminar con respecto a los efectos en la salud de trabajadores y su relación con la exposición a emisiones gaseosas volcánicas. Un caso de estudio en dos volcanes activos de Costa Rica
    (Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2022-01-31) Ortiz Apuy, Erick; Mora Barrantes, Jose Carlos; Sibaja - Brenes, José Pablo
    The objective of this research was to carry out a preliminary diagnosis of the relationship between volcanic gaseous emissions and health effects present among workers of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) of the Poás and Turrialba volcanoes of Costa Rica. [Methodology] Ambient air quality was measured by the presence of gaseous emissions (SO2 (g), H2S (g), HCl(g), HNO3 ( ac) and HF(g), with sampling carried out in 7 strategic points during 7 months. Analyses were performed using different analytical techniques (ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, portable meters). At the same time, interviews were conducted with a sample consisting of 16 park rangers from the study sites, and their medical records were analyzed to detect a preliminary relationship between exposure to gaseous emissions and reported pathologies. [Results] The principal results (pollutants above the detection limit) reported for the two national parks indicated that the highest value in this study was that of SO2 (average of 3 h) in the Poás Volcano (1.90 ± 0.11) mg/m3 . The highest concentration of SO2 in Turrialba was (0.40 ± 0.04) mg/m3 during the same period. During the evaluation of park rangers’ health, it was found that the most frequently reported pathologies that impact health in the study population were irritation of the mucous membraneseyes (n = 9), headaches (n = 8), and fatigue (n = 8). [Conclusion] The results obtained for the gaseous emissions and their possible relationship with pathologies and medical records indicated by park rangers provide a baseline for future research on the subject. A greater number of measurements over longer periods of time is recommended. At the same time, it is necessary to use surveys and carry out medical controls that include tests on specimens such as blood, urine, hair, and saliva, as well as the use of biological and chemical indicators that allow a pathology to be more directly related to a specific chemical contaminant.