Ponencias

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14609

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Análisis de Registros de Tsunamis anteriores a 1969 observados en la estación de Puntarenas
(IV Congreso Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo y Adaptación al Cambio Climático, Heredia, 10 y 11 de octubre 2018, 2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony; Rivera Cerdas, Fabio; Vega Vega, José
Los mareógrafos de Puntarenas, Quepos y Limón fueron instalados en la década de 1940 como una colaboración entre el Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) y la Agencia Nacional Atmosférica y Oceanográfica de los Estados Unidos (NOAA). El IGN enviaba los rollos de papel con los regis- tros mareográficos a la NOAA, quienes los procesaban y los devolvían al IGN para su almacenamiento. Sin embargo, en 1969 estos rollos de papel fueron destruidos en el IGN. Recientemente, gracias a la colaboración del Centro Nacional de Información Ambiental (NCEI) de la NOAA, hemos recuperado varios registros de tsunamis anteriores a ese año, correspon- dientes al mareógrafo de Puntarenas, en forma de imágenes digitales. Los registros incluyen tres tsunamis locales y tres lejanos. Los eventos locales corresponden a dos tsunamis en 1941 en la Península de Osa (Mw 7.3 y Mw 6.9), y uno en 1950 en la Península de Nicoya (Mw 7.8). Los eventos lejanos corresponden a los tsunamis de Kamchatka, Rusia, de 1952 (Mw 9.0), Islas Andreanof, Alaska de 1957 (Mw 8.7) y Chile de 1960 (Mw 9.5). Estos mareogramas de tsunamis no han sido publicados anteriormente, aunque sí constan en bases de datos de tsunamis con las alturas máximas.
Gestionando el riesgo por tsunami desde las comunidades
(IV Congreso Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo y Adaptación al Cambio Climático, Heredia 10 y 11 de octubre 2018, 2018) Rivera Cerdas, Fabio; Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
En caso de que la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE) declare alerta por tsunami, las personas que se encuentran zonas de riesgo deben evacuar antes de la llegada de la primera ola. Para asegurar que la evacuación se dé en un tiempo adecuado las rutas de evacuación deben estar predeterminadas y señalizadas, y la comunidad debe conocerlas con anticipación, lo que se logra con mapas de evacuación por tsunami. El Programa Red de Observación del Nivel del Mar e Investigación de Amenazas Costeras (RONMAC), se encuentra elaborando mapas de evacuación en caso de tsunamis para 28 comunidades en el Pacífico Central y Pacífico Norte. Para esto se usan modelos numéricos de propagación e inundación por tsunami, SIG y cartografía participativa.
Modeling the Tsunami Potential along the Pacific Coast of Central America
(2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
Along the Pacific of Central America the Cocos plate subducts beneath the Caribbean plate, at the Middle America Trench (MAT). There are no records of mega earthquakes originated there; probably associated to the low coupling in some sections and the presence of seismic barriers. However, moderate ruptures have caused important tsunami runups in the region in 1992 (Ide et al. 1993) and in 2012 (Borrero et al. 2014). Scenarios presented here were defined as worst – case – scenario by 20 experts on seismology, tsunamis and tsunami modeling (Fig. 1.1), based on historical events and / or tectonic and geodetic data. They met in 2016 under the coordination of IOC / UNESCO to discuss the tsunami potential at Central America. Although some scenarios have a low probability of occurrence, they should be taken into account for preparedness purposes.
Numerical Simulation of Several Tectonic Tsunami Sources at the Caribbean Basin
(2016) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Lopez-Venegas, Alberto; Macías, Jorge; Zamora, Natalia; Moore, Christopher; Llorente Isidro, Miguel
According to the NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, the Caribbean Sea has experienced more than 100 historical tsunamis. The most recent tsunami observed in this basin was caused by the 2010 Haity Mw 7.0 earthquake with up to 3.2 runup (Fritz et al. 2013). Still, as tsunamis are not frequent in this basin, tsunami awareness represents a challenge even more because of population increase, tourism, infrastructure and development along the coastal area. The Intergovernmental Coordination Group of the Early Warning System for Tsunamis and Other Coastal threats in the Caribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions (ICG / CARIBE - EWS) seeks to increase tsunami preparedness in the region. Its Hazard Assessment Working Group (WG2) has been assigned the task of identifying potential tsunami sources. During 2016 IOC/UNESCO sponsored three Experts Meetings on Tectonic Tsunami Sources focusing on Honduras, Central America and the Dominican Republic southern coast. The work presented here is part of the results the WG2 has obtained by modeling the credible worst – case scenarios among others, as well as provide future scenarios for CaribeWave exercises.
Tsunami Threat Assessment for the North and Central Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
(Seismological Research Letters, 2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Arozarena-Llopis, I.
A joint international conference of the Seismological Society of America (SSA) and the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission (LACSC) will be held in Miami, Florida on 14 – 17 May 2018. The conference is the first joint meeting of SSA and LACSC, one of four Regional Commissions of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth´’s Interior (IASPEI)
Tsunamis from Tectonic Sources along Caribbean Plate Boundaries
(2015) Lopez-Venegas, Alberto; Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Zamora, Natalia; Audermard, Franck; Dondin, Frederic; Clouard, Valerie; Lovholt, Finn; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie; Vanacore, Elizabeth; Huérfano, Victo
The Caribbean region, home to more than 100 million people, has seen for the last 500 years at Least 75 documented tsunamis (von Hillebrandt-Andrade, 2013). It has been estimated that more than 4500 people have perished as a result (Dunbar et al, 2008; see Figure 2). The Working Group 2 (WG2) of the ICG/CARIBE-EWS in charge of Tsunami Hazard Assessment is a multinational group of experts from and outside the Caribbean region currently focusing on various tsunami aspects. The WG2 has been assigned the task of compiling a list of most credible sources from tectonic origin for the Caribbean nations. For this poster, a subgroup within the WG2 has been formed to evaluate published literature on tsunami sources and develop a comprehensive list based solely on credible sources evaluated through geological and geophysical studies, and seismology. This poster presents the sources and their justification as most-probable tsunami sources based on the context of crustal deformation due to Caribbean plate interacting with neighboring plates and deforming microplates within the plate`s boundaries.

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