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Inland Water Fungi in the Anthropocene: Current and Future Perspectives.
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2021) Grossart, H.; Hassan, E.; Masigol, H.; Arias, M.; Rojas, K.
Fungi and fungi-like organisms (such as oomycetes) are key components of aquatic ecosystems, with parasitic and/or saprophytic lifestyles that influence biodiversity, food web dynamics, and the cycling of organic matter, nutrients, and energy within ecosystems. Yet, they represent an understudied group of aquatic microorganisms, largely neglected by aquatic microbial ecologists. In fact, historically mycology was separated from microbial ecology in all aquatic sciences. Studies of fungi are of great ecological and biotechnological interest because fungi have a large variety of polymer-degrading enzymes and detoxification mechanisms. However, the dramatic increase in the human population worldwide and subsequent increasing urban development and anthropogenic pollution has led to a severe modification of inland waters, with adverse effects on fungi. In this article, we highlight the multiple metabolic capacities and adaptive behavior of aquatic fungi to cope with these rapid environmental changes in the Anthropocene. We provide an overview of emerging topics in the field of aquatic mycology that are, to a great extent, related to the anthropogenic modification of inland waters, in particular emerging pollutants, including microplastics.