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Artículos Científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14754

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Examinando Artículos Científicos por browse.metadata.procedence "Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas"

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    A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)
    (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2017-02-22) Azofeifa Bolaños, José B.; Gigant, L. Rodolphe; Nicolás García, Mayra; Pignal, Marc; Tavares González, Fabiola B.; Hagsater, Eric; Salazar, Gerardo; Reyes Lopez, Delfino; Archila Morales, Fredy Leonel; García-García, José A.; Da Silva, Denis; Allibert, Agathe; Solano Campos, Frank; Rodríguez Jimenes, Guadalupe del Carmen; Paniagua Vásquez, Amelia; Besse, Pascale; Pérez Silva, Araceli; Grisoni, Michel
    We describe a new vanilla species growing in sympatry with Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews (Orchidaceae) in the province of Limón, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The morphology of the reproductive and vegetative organs observed on vines cultivated under shade-house, the nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer) and plastid (matK) nucleotide sequences, as well as the contents of aromatic compounds measured in ripe fruits, show that this species is close to but distinct from V. planifolia. The name V. sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. is proposed for this new Vanilla species endemic in Costa Rica. It is especially distinguished from V. planifolia by a reduction of about 30% of the size of the fruits and flowers, by a divergence of ITS sequences for at least two species-conserved nucleotides compared to seven other species of the V. planifolia group, and by the presence of anisic compounds and low content of phenolic compounds (including vanillin) in the fruits. These results confirmed the extension of the area of distribution of V. planifolia southward to Costa Rica, where a recent speciation process occurred. Because of its particular agronomic and aromatic properties, V. sotoarenasii sp. nov. could represent a valuable biological resource for the vanilla industry.
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    Biomass allocation and gas exchange are affected by light conditions in endangered Cedrela salvadorensis (Meliaceae) seedlings
    (Universidad de Costa Rica, 2016) Guzmán Quesada, Jose Antonio; Cordero Solórzano, Roberto A.; COREA ARIAS, EUGENIO
    The determination of favorable light habitat conditions per species and life stage is transcendental, for both ex situ and in situ conservation strategies of endangered forest tree species, and for their utilization as plantation trees. This becomes especially important when planting material is scarce. We studied the multivariate responses in biomass allocation and in gas exchange to light and to CO2 in Cedrela salvadorensis seedlings, grown under similar light conditions as those this species faces in nature. During a period of 135 days, groups of ten seedlings were put under 75, 45, 15 and 3.5 % of full sun exposure obtained with neutral shade cloth, under nursery conditions. A series of biomass allocation variables and detailed gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis response curves to light and to internal carbon concentration) were measured at the end of the growth period in plants of the four treatments. According to the principal component analyses, highest values of gas exchange response were associated with the lower values of biomass allocation traits. These changes can be associated with resource-conservative and resource-acquisitive strategies, where the C. salvadorensis seedlings acclimatize their traits for the exploration and exploitation of light, to high or to dim light environment, respectively. The multivariate analyses also showed that the plants had a high performance at 45 % of light environments. These results suggest that 45 % of light environment was the optimal light habitat of this species at the tested developing stage. Our results have important implications to choose the best natural habitat for a successful establishment of C. salvadorensis. We propose practical considerations for programs of reforestation or reintroduction where this species be involved.