Bird species can serve as both definitive and intermediate hosts for a wide variety of parasites, some of which are important for veterinary and public health. These parasites can elicit different physiological responses in the host, from completely asymptomatic infections to severe complications that impair the animal's health and lead to death. To further study this aspect, we sampled free-ranging birds, of which 53.41% were parasitized, with a prevalence of 34.09% for Coccidia, 23.86% for Trematoda, 14.77% for Nematoda, 9.09% for Cestoda, and 5.68% for Parasitic cysts (Protozoan), while only 20.45% of birds presented histopathological lesions concurrent with adjacent parasite presence. The inflammation presence and severity are more significant in birds infected with Trematoda.
