Artículos científicos
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14823
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Examinando Artículos científicos por Autor "Alfaro Solís, Rosa"
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Ítem Drone monitoring of volcanic lakes in Costa Rica: a new approach(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023) Sibaja, José; Terada, Akihiko; Alfaro Solís, Rosa; Cambronero Luna, Mario; Umaña Castro, Danilo; Porras Ramírez, Daniel; Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Rolando; Martínez Arroyo, Mariela; Godfrey, Ian; Martínez Cruz, MaríaFor the first time ever, samples were collected from volcanic lake waters in Costa Rica using an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone), which represents a major achievement in human–machine interaction and innovation in the technology sector. A Matrice 600 Pro drone was used for remote sampling in the hyperacid crater lake of the Poás volcano, the mildly acidic Lake Botos, and the nearly neutral Lake Hule. A bailer bottle of 250 mL and a HOBO temperature probe, mounted on the drone, were deployed using a specially designed delivery retrieval system. A comparison was carried out relating to the geochemistry of lake water collected by drone as opposed to the hand-collected samples. The SO4 −2/Cl ratios of the two samples at Poás hyperacid crater lake were similar, (1.1 ± 0.2) on average, an indication of a lake with homogenous water composition. The Lake Hule showed a similar composition to that registered 20 years ago. The waters from Lake Botos showed some differences, which may be explained by the influence of springs at the bottom of the lake, but the Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test showed a good exhibit of a satisfactory level of similarity. Autonomous navigation proves to be very useful for faster, more efficient, reliable, and less hazardous sampling of volcanic lakes.Ítem Exposure to Acid Aerosols in the Visiting Areas of the Poás Volcano National Park, Costa Rica(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) (Suiza), 2024) Vargas Jiménez, Christian; Sibaja-Brenes, José Pablo; Alfaro Solís, Rosa; Borbón Alpízar, Henry; Brenes Ortiz, Mónica; Arguedas González, MaricruzAbstract. Poás Volcano made a magmatic eruption in April 2017. The volcanic outburst resulted in an ash and vapor column towering over three kilometers high. Since that time, there has been a continual release of gases, aerosols, and more recently, ash, posing potential issues for visitors and park rangers. In this work, the potential for exposure to acid gases and aerosols faced by park rangers, officials, and visitors to the Poás Volcano National Park was evaluated, and the concentrations found were compared with the exposure limits established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2022. the concentrations of HCl(g), HNO3(ac), HF(g), and H2SO4(ac) were determined at three strategic points: the ranger station, the visitor center, and the main crater viewpoint. The maximum concentrations obtained were (7.0 ± 1.6) ppb for HCl(g), (6.2 ± 2.8) ppb for HNO3(ac), and (0.029 ± 0.044) ppm for H2SO4(ac). There were no concentration values above the detection limit (0.94 μg/m3) for HF(g). By comparing the data obtained with similar studies, it is concluded that the measured values in Poás Volcano National Park are low and only show similarities to the results found in volcanoes within the national territory. The exposure limit established by OSHA (0.02 ppm) was only surpassed by H2SO4(ac), and could be the cause of health effects experienced over the years by park rangers. To minimize these risks, the use of personal protective equipment and air quality monitoring is essential.Ítem Lead acid battery recycling in Costa Rica: A case study(WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2012) Esquivel Hernández, Germain; Bolaños - Ulloa, P.; Navarro - Monge, M.; Alfaro Solís, Rosa; Sibaja Brenes, J.P.; Mora - Barrantes, J.C.; Valdés - González, J.This work describes the production of secondary lead in a smelter located in Costa Rica. The only input of the plant is scrap automotive batteries. We describe the environmental management strategies used for waste minimization, including the waste characterization and minimization of gaseous emissions. The waste characterization included the sulphidic slag containing varying quantities of lead (total lead content and TCLP), along with the gaseous analysis (SO2, TSP and P-Pb). Through process improvement, we reduced both the quantity of slag produced and the lead loss to the slag, as well as the concentrations of gas pollutants in the gaseous emissions.Ítem Spatial and Temporal Variation of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation across Costa Rica: An Analysis of Historic GNIP Records(2013-11-27) Sánchez Murillo, Ricardo; Esquivel Hernández, Germain; Welsh, Kristen; S. Brooks, Erin; Boll, Jan; Alfaro Solís, Rosa; Valdés González, JuanThe location of Costa Rica on the Central American Isthmus creates unique microclimate systems that receive moisture inputs directly from the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. In Costa Rica, stable isotope monitoring was conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Meteorological Association as part of the worldwide effort entitled Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation. Sampling campaigns were mainly comprised of monthly-integrated samples during intermittent years from 1990 to 2005. The main goal of this study was to determine spatial and temporal isotopic variations of meteoric waters in Costa Rica using historic records. Samples were grouped in four main regions: Nicoya Peninsula (2H = 6.6518O − 0.13; r2 = 0.86); Pacific Coast (2H = 7.6018O + 7.95; r2 = 0.99); Caribbean Slope (2H = 6.9718O + 4.97; r2 = 0.97); and Central Valley (2H = 7.9418O + 10.38; r2 = 0.98). The water meteoric line for Costa Rica can be defined as 2H = 7.6118O + 7.40 (r2 = 0.98). The regression of precipitation amount and annual arithmetic means yields a slope of −1.6‰ 18O per 100 mm of rain (r2 = 0.57) which corresponds with a temperature effect of −0.37‰ 18O/ ̊C. A strong correlation (r2 = 0.77) of −2.0‰ 18O per km of elevation was found. Samples within the Nicoya Peninsula and Caribbean lowlands appear to be dominated by evaporation enrichment as shown in d-excess interpolation, especially during the dry months, likely resulting from small precipitation amounts. In the inter-mountainous region of the Central Valley and Pacific slope, complex moisture recycling processes may dominate isotopic variations. Generally, isotopic values tend to be more depleted as the rainy season progresses over the year. Air parcel back trajectories indicate that enriched isotopic compositions both in Turrialba and Monteverde are related to central Caribbean parental moisture and low rainfall intensities. Depleted events appear to be related to high rainfall amounts despite the parental origin of the moisture.