Evaluación y selección del comportamiento higiénico, defensividad y métodos de cría de reinas (apis mellifera) en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica
Fecha
2019
Autores
Arias Lagos, Leonardo Sandino
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente proyecto se llevó a cabo en el pacífico central de Costa Rica, municipio de Orotina, con el objetivo de Evaluar comportamientos y comparar métodos de crianza de abejas reinas en colonias de Apis mellifera para mejorar su producción. Se determinó la correlación entre comportamiento higiénico y defensivo, así como se evaluó, aceptación de larvas, tamaños de celdas reales, peso al nacimiento y reinas nacidas en los métodos de cría de reinas Doolittle y Nicot.
Como resultado se obtuvo que el 42.9% de los datos indican un comportamiento higiénico Alto y el 57.1% presentó un comportamiento moderadamente higiénico, por su parte el 42.9% de los datos presentan una defensividad baja, el 28.6 % defensividad moderada y el restante 28.6 % presentan un comportamiento defensivo alto. Como resultado de la evaluación estadística, la correlación de Pearson indico con valor P > 0.05, indicando que el comportamiento defensivo, no está correlacionado significativamente con el comportamiento higiénico debido a la gran dispersión de los datos.
En la cría de reinas, el 92.5% de las larvas trasferidas en el método Doolittle y el 70% en el sistema Nicot fueron aceptadas a las 24 horas de hechas las trasferencias, el promedio del tamaño de la celda real en el método Doolittle fue de 20.92 mm y de 25.91 mm en el sistema Nicot. Los nacimientos vivos en el método Doolittle fue de 82.5% y 35% en el sistema Nicot y por último, los pesos promedios de las reinas al nacimiento para el sistema Doolittle fue de 0.210 g y de 0.216 g para el sistema Nicot.
Los resultados encontrados en la evaluación de estos dos métodos indican que el método de cría de reinas Doolittle es el mejor para la obtención de cantidad y calidad de reinas comparado con la cría de reinas mediante el sistema Nicot.
This project was carried out in the central Pacific of Costa Rica, municipality of Orotina, with the objective of evaluating behaviors and comparing breeding methods of queen bees in colonies of Apis mellifera to improve their production. The correlation between hygienic and defensive behavior was determined, as well as the acceptance of larvae, actual cell sizes, birth weight and queens born in the Doolittle and Nicot queen rearing methods. As a result, it was obtained that 42.9% of the data indicate a High hygienic behavior and 57.1% presented a moderately hygienic behavior, while 42.9% of the data present a low defensiveness, 28.6% moderate defensiveness and the remaining 28.6% they have a high defensive behavior. As a result of the statistical evaluation, the Pearson correlation indicated with a P value> 0.05, indicating that defensive behavior is not significantly correlated with hygienic behavior due to the great dispersion of the data. In queen rearing, 92.5% of the larvae transferred in the Doolittle method and 70% in the Nicot system were accepted 24 hours after the transfers were made, the average size of the real cell in the Doolittle method was 20.92mm and 25.91mm on the Nicot system. Live births in the Doolittle method were 82.5% and 35% in the Nicot system and lastly, the average weights of the queens at birth for the Doolittle system were 0.210 g and 0.216 g for the Nicot system. The results found in the evaluation of these two methods indicate that the Doolittle queen rearing method is the best for obtaining the quantity and quality of queens compared to queens rearing using the Nicot system.
This project was carried out in the central Pacific of Costa Rica, municipality of Orotina, with the objective of evaluating behaviors and comparing breeding methods of queen bees in colonies of Apis mellifera to improve their production. The correlation between hygienic and defensive behavior was determined, as well as the acceptance of larvae, actual cell sizes, birth weight and queens born in the Doolittle and Nicot queen rearing methods. As a result, it was obtained that 42.9% of the data indicate a High hygienic behavior and 57.1% presented a moderately hygienic behavior, while 42.9% of the data present a low defensiveness, 28.6% moderate defensiveness and the remaining 28.6% they have a high defensive behavior. As a result of the statistical evaluation, the Pearson correlation indicated with a P value> 0.05, indicating that defensive behavior is not significantly correlated with hygienic behavior due to the great dispersion of the data. In queen rearing, 92.5% of the larvae transferred in the Doolittle method and 70% in the Nicot system were accepted 24 hours after the transfers were made, the average size of the real cell in the Doolittle method was 20.92mm and 25.91mm on the Nicot system. Live births in the Doolittle method were 82.5% and 35% in the Nicot system and lastly, the average weights of the queens at birth for the Doolittle system were 0.210 g and 0.216 g for the Nicot system. The results found in the evaluation of these two methods indicate that the Doolittle queen rearing method is the best for obtaining the quantity and quality of queens compared to queens rearing using the Nicot system.
Descripción
Trabajo presentado para optar el grado de Máster en Apicultura Tropical.
Palabras clave
APICULTURA, ABEJAS, MIEL DE ABEJA, COLMENAS, EVALUACIÓN, BEEKEEPING, BEES, HONEY BEE, BEEHIVES, EVALUATION