Determinación de la capacidad antioxidante de la miel producida por Tetragonisca angustula, procedente de los productores asociados a la red de meliponicultores de ¨Alianza Campesina Flora Nueva¨
Fecha
2021-08
Autores
Soto González, Juan Francisco
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las abejas sin aguijón cumplen un papel fundamental en los ecosistemas, ya que, en su labor de recolección de recursos alimenticios para el óptimo desarrollo de una colonia, brindan a su vez un servicio de polinización, que contribuye con la preservación de muchas especies botánicas. En Costa Rica se reportan 20 géneros y 59 especies, entre las cuales se encuentra Tetragonisca angustula, la cual es utilizada ampliamente en la actividad meliponícola tanto en Costa Rica como en muchos otros países. Esta especie se distribuye desde Brasil a México en altitudes máximas de 1500 msnm. La miel de esta especie ya ha sido objeto de otras investigaciones en las que se ha demostrado que presenta una importante capacidad antioxidante. Es por esta razón que esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la capacidad antioxidante que presentan las mieles procedentes de los meliponarios de la empresa Alianza Campesina Flora Nueva. Las muestras analizadas fueron brindas por dicha empresa, correspondientes a cosechas de los años 2018, 2019, 2020 y 2021. A las diferentes muestras se le realizaron inicialmente pruebas de humedad y densidad, las cuales fueron necesarias para obtener concentraciones conocidas, para la preparación tanto de las pruebas de determinación de la capacidad antioxidante (valor ORAC) y Contenido Fenólico Total. Según los resultados obtenidos con estas pruebas se logró determinar que existe una correlación mediana / altamente significativa entre el contenido fenólico total y la capacidad antioxidante. Además, se logró determinar que no existía diferencia estadísticamente significativa con la capacidad antioxidante entre las diferentes zonas de análisis, ni diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la capacidad antioxidante entre los diferentes años de cosecha. Por último, se logró determinar mediante la prueba de color Lovibond, que el color de una miel no es un parámetro válido para poder determinar la capacidad antioxidante de una miel, ya que tanto muestras con alta capacidad como mieles con baja capacidad antioxidante compartían la misma tonalidad, según la escala utilizada en la prueba. En conclusión, se puede afirmar que, al no existir diferencias entre la capacidad antioxidante entre zonas geográficas, ni entre años de cosecha, las mieles con las cuales se trabajó pueden ser utilizadas y estandarizadas para la formulación de productos con valor agregado.
Stingless bees play a fundamental role in ecosystems, since, in their work of collecting food resources for the optimal development of a colony, they in turn provide a pollination service, which contributes to the preservation of many botanical species. In Costa Rica, 20 genera and 59 species are reported, among which is Tetragonisca angustula, which is widely used in meliponícola activity both in Costa Rica and in many other countries. This species is distributed from Brazil to Mexico at maximum altitudes of 1500 meters above sea level. The honey of this species has already been the subject of other investigations in which it has been shown that it has an important antioxidant capacity. It is for this reason that this research aims to determine the antioxidant capacity of the honeys from the meliponarios of the company Alianza Campesina Flora Nueva. The samples analyzed were provided by said company, corresponding to crops of the years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The different samples were initially tested for moisture and density, which were necessary to obtain known concentrations, for the preparation of both of the tests to determine the antioxidant capacity (ORAC value) and Total Phenolic Content. According to the results obtained with these tests, it was possible to determine that there is a medium / highly significant correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity. In addition, it was possible to determine that there was no statistically significant difference in antioxidant capacity between the different areas of analysis, nor was there a statistically significant difference in antioxidant capacity between the different harvest years. Finally, it was possible to determine through the Lovibond color test, that the color of a honey is not a valid parameter to determine the antioxidant capacity of a honey, since both samples with high capacity and honeys with low antioxidant capacity shared the same tonality, according to the scale used in the test. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that, since there are no differences between the antioxidant capacity between geographical areas, nor between harvest years, the honeys with which it was worked can be used and standardized for the formulation of products with added value.
Stingless bees play a fundamental role in ecosystems, since, in their work of collecting food resources for the optimal development of a colony, they in turn provide a pollination service, which contributes to the preservation of many botanical species. In Costa Rica, 20 genera and 59 species are reported, among which is Tetragonisca angustula, which is widely used in meliponícola activity both in Costa Rica and in many other countries. This species is distributed from Brazil to Mexico at maximum altitudes of 1500 meters above sea level. The honey of this species has already been the subject of other investigations in which it has been shown that it has an important antioxidant capacity. It is for this reason that this research aims to determine the antioxidant capacity of the honeys from the meliponarios of the company Alianza Campesina Flora Nueva. The samples analyzed were provided by said company, corresponding to crops of the years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The different samples were initially tested for moisture and density, which were necessary to obtain known concentrations, for the preparation of both of the tests to determine the antioxidant capacity (ORAC value) and Total Phenolic Content. According to the results obtained with these tests, it was possible to determine that there is a medium / highly significant correlation between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity. In addition, it was possible to determine that there was no statistically significant difference in antioxidant capacity between the different areas of analysis, nor was there a statistically significant difference in antioxidant capacity between the different harvest years. Finally, it was possible to determine through the Lovibond color test, that the color of a honey is not a valid parameter to determine the antioxidant capacity of a honey, since both samples with high capacity and honeys with low antioxidant capacity shared the same tonality, according to the scale used in the test. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that, since there are no differences between the antioxidant capacity between geographical areas, nor between harvest years, the honeys with which it was worked can be used and standardized for the formulation of products with added value.
Descripción
Maestría en Apicultura Tropical (MAT)
Palabras clave
ABEJAS SIN AGUIJÓN, BEES WITHOUT STEM, MIEL DE ABEJA, ANTIOXIDANTES, HONEY BEE, ANTIOXIDANTS