Riesgo químico por exposición laboral a SO2 y H2S en el Parque Nacional Volcán Poás
Fecha
2023-08-01
Autores
Morales Alpízar, David
Sibaja, José
mora barrantes, jose carlos
Martínez Cruz, María
Borbon Alpizar, Henry
Retana Díaz, Alexa
Alfaro Solís, Rosa
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
[Objetivo] Verificar el cumplimiento de los niveles de exposición a SO2 y H2S, de los guardaparques del parque, tomando como referencia la norma internacional OSHA. [Metodología] Se estudió la concentración del SO2 desde setiembre 2018 hasta diciembre 2019 y para el H2S de febrero 2019 hasta diciembre 2019, haciendo uso de equipos de detección portátiles MultiRae. Los puntos de muestreo se colocaron en la casa de guardaparques, la caseta de entrada, el centro de visitantes y el mirador. El nivel de riesgo químico se determinó considerando: la salud de los trabajadores, el tiempo de exposición, el equipo de seguridad, las capacitaciones y los valores de TWA y STEL obtenidos.
[Resultados] El valor más alto de la concentración de SO2, 16,0 ppm, se registró en el centro de visitantes, y el de H2S, 45 ppm, se presentó en la casa de guardaparques. La concentración promedio de los gases estuvo cercana al límite de detección para ambos gases, sugiriendo que, los gases en general no se dirigen hacia las zonas de visitación. Ningún puesto de medición superó los 2 ppm para el SO2 en 8 horas (TWA). Sin embargo, en el centro de visitantes y en el mirador para visitantes, se superó los 5 ppm de SO2 en 15 minutos (STEL), con concentraciones de 10,1 ppm y 7,4 ppm, respectivamente. [Conclusiones] Se obtuvieron niveles bajos de riesgo químico, para ambos gases, en los puntos muestreados, a excepción del punto del centro de visitantes, donde el nivel de riesgo fue medio.
[Objective] Verify compliance with the levels of exposure to SO2 and H2S, of the park rangers of the park, taking as a reference the international standard OSHA. [Methodology] The SO2 concentration was studied from September 2018 to December 2019 and for H2S from February 2019 to December 2019, using MultiRae portable detection equipment. The sampling points were placed in the park ranger house, the entrance booth, the visitor center and the viewpoint. The level of chemical risk was determined considering: the health of the workers, the exposure time, the safety equipment, the training, and the TWA and STEL values obtained. [Results] The highest value of SO2 concentration, 16.0 ppm, was registered in the visitor center, and that of H2S, 45 ppm, was presented in the park ranger house. The average concentration of the gases was close to the detection limit for both gases, suggesting that the gases in general are not directed towards the visitor areas. No measurement station exceeded 2 ppm for SO2 at 8 hours (TWA). However, in the visitor center and the visitor viewpoint, SO2 exceeded 5 ppm in 15 minutes (STEL), with concentrations of 10.1 ppm and 7.4 ppm, respectively. [Conclusions] Low levels of chemical risk were obtained, for both gases, in the sampled points, with the exception of the point of the visitor center, where the level of risk was medium.
[Objective] Verify compliance with the levels of exposure to SO2 and H2S, of the park rangers of the park, taking as a reference the international standard OSHA. [Methodology] The SO2 concentration was studied from September 2018 to December 2019 and for H2S from February 2019 to December 2019, using MultiRae portable detection equipment. The sampling points were placed in the park ranger house, the entrance booth, the visitor center and the viewpoint. The level of chemical risk was determined considering: the health of the workers, the exposure time, the safety equipment, the training, and the TWA and STEL values obtained. [Results] The highest value of SO2 concentration, 16.0 ppm, was registered in the visitor center, and that of H2S, 45 ppm, was presented in the park ranger house. The average concentration of the gases was close to the detection limit for both gases, suggesting that the gases in general are not directed towards the visitor areas. No measurement station exceeded 2 ppm for SO2 at 8 hours (TWA). However, in the visitor center and the visitor viewpoint, SO2 exceeded 5 ppm in 15 minutes (STEL), with concentrations of 10.1 ppm and 7.4 ppm, respectively. [Conclusions] Low levels of chemical risk were obtained, for both gases, in the sampled points, with the exception of the point of the visitor center, where the level of risk was medium.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SULFURO, HIDRÓGENO, GASES, AZUFRE, CROMATOGRAFÍA, SALUD OCUPACIONAL, RIESGOS PARA LA SALUD, PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS, SULFUR, CHROMATOGRAPHY, HEALTH RISKS, HYDROGEN