Caracterización fisicoquímica y origen botánico de muestras de mieles de Apis mellifera, de la provincia de Chiriquí-Panamá
Fecha
2019
Autores
Gutiérrez Rivera, Charoline Janeth
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio consistió en determinar las características físico-químicas y el origen floral de 16 muestras de miel de abeja de la provincia Chiriquí-Panamá. Para ello, se recolectaron 8 muestras de mieles comerciales y 8 muestras de mieles de productores para comparar la calidad de las mismas.
Para determinar la calidad de las mieles se siguió, el protocolo descrito en los Métodos Armonizados de la Comisión Internacional de la Miel, (Bogdanov, 2009). Mientras que para la determinación de jarabes altos en fructosa se utilizó el método conocido como Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución acoplada a un índice de refracción (HPLC), para verificar las muestras positivas y negativa (Wang, 2014), donde esta detección se hace a través de la aparición de un pico a un tiempo específico en el cromatograma.
El estudio del origen botánico de la miel se basó en un análisis melisopalinológico, con la técnica de tinción con safranina, para la identificación microscópica de los granos de polen que indicaron el origen botánico de las mieles utilizadas en el presente trabajo.
Con este estudio, se pretende conocer la calidad de las mieles producidas en la región de Chiriquí-Panamá, para desarrollar y aplicar metodologías enfocadas a mejorar la calidad, y así garantizarle un buen producto al consumidor. El 100% de las muestras de mieles analizadas de productores cumplen con los parámetros fisicoquímicos, mientras que las mieles de comercios no todas cumplen con estos parámetros. Las muestras de comercio C5 y C7 cumplen con la normativa para el contenido de agua. Sin embargo, para el contenido de sacarosa no cumplen, lo que indica que son mieles que han sido adulterada con sacarosa, y para HMF solo la muestra de comercio C5 no cumple con dicho parámetro, mientras que para la actividad diastásica solo tres muestras (C5, C6, y C7) no cumplen con los parámetros de calidad establecidos por el Codex Alimentario (2011)
Los resultados obtenidos para el origen botánico de las muestras analizadas, evidencian que el 100% de las muestras de productores son de origen polifloral, mientras que el 75% de las muestras de comercios son de origen polifloral y el 25% de las muestras de miel de comercio no muestran granos de polen, ya que son muestras adulteradas con sacarosa.
This study consisted of determining the physical-chemical characteristics and the floral origin of 16 samples of honey from the Chiriquí-Panama province. For this, 8 samples of commercial honeys and 8 samples of honeys from producers were collected to compare their quality. To determine the quality of the honeys, the protocol described in the Harmonized Methods of the International Honey Commission was followed (Bogdanov, 2009). While for the determination of high fructose syrups, the method known as High Resolution Liquid Chromatography coupled to a refractive index (HPLC) was used to verify the positive and negative samples (Wang, 2014), where this detection is made through through the appearance of a peak at a specific time in the chromatogram. The study of the botanical origin of honey was based on a melisopalynological analysis, with the safranin staining technique, for the microscopic identification of the pollen grains that indicated the botanical origin of the honeys used in the present work. With this study, it is intended to know the quality of the honeys produced in the Chiriquí-Panama region, to develop and apply methodologies focused on improving quality, and thus guarantee a good product to the consumer. 100% of the samples of honeys analyzed from producers comply with the physicochemical parameters, while honeys from shops do not all comply with these parameters. Trade samples C5 and C7 comply with regulations for water content. However, for the sucrose content they do not comply, which indicates that they are honeys that have been adulterated with sucrose, and for HMF only the commercial sample C5 does not comply with said parameter, while for diastatic activity only three samples (C5 , C6, and C7) do not meet the quality parameters established by the Codex Alimentarius (2011) The results obtained for the botanical origin of the analyzed samples show that 100% of the producer samples are of polyfloral origin, while 75% of the commercial samples are of polyfloral origin and 25% of the honey samples commercial do not show pollen grains, since they are samples adulterated with sucrose.
This study consisted of determining the physical-chemical characteristics and the floral origin of 16 samples of honey from the Chiriquí-Panama province. For this, 8 samples of commercial honeys and 8 samples of honeys from producers were collected to compare their quality. To determine the quality of the honeys, the protocol described in the Harmonized Methods of the International Honey Commission was followed (Bogdanov, 2009). While for the determination of high fructose syrups, the method known as High Resolution Liquid Chromatography coupled to a refractive index (HPLC) was used to verify the positive and negative samples (Wang, 2014), where this detection is made through through the appearance of a peak at a specific time in the chromatogram. The study of the botanical origin of honey was based on a melisopalynological analysis, with the safranin staining technique, for the microscopic identification of the pollen grains that indicated the botanical origin of the honeys used in the present work. With this study, it is intended to know the quality of the honeys produced in the Chiriquí-Panama region, to develop and apply methodologies focused on improving quality, and thus guarantee a good product to the consumer. 100% of the samples of honeys analyzed from producers comply with the physicochemical parameters, while honeys from shops do not all comply with these parameters. Trade samples C5 and C7 comply with regulations for water content. However, for the sucrose content they do not comply, which indicates that they are honeys that have been adulterated with sucrose, and for HMF only the commercial sample C5 does not comply with said parameter, while for diastatic activity only three samples (C5 , C6, and C7) do not meet the quality parameters established by the Codex Alimentarius (2011) The results obtained for the botanical origin of the analyzed samples show that 100% of the producer samples are of polyfloral origin, while 75% of the commercial samples are of polyfloral origin and 25% of the honey samples commercial do not show pollen grains, since they are samples adulterated with sucrose.
Descripción
Trabajo presentado para optar al grado de Máster en Apicultura Tropical.
Palabras clave
MIEL DE ABEJA, CONTROL DE CALIDAD, POLEN, ANÁLISIS QUÍMICO, PANAMÁ, HONEY BEE, QUALITY CONTROL, POLLEN, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS