Energía y medio ambiente: análisis de la compatibilidad entre política energética y la política ambiental en Costa Rica. (SDT 002-2003)
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Fecha
2003-05
Autores
Furst Weigand, Edgar
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Editor
Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE)
Resumen
El presente ensayo pretende revelar algunos problemas ya manifiestos y algunas tendencias amenazantes en el sector energético de Costa Rica. Dichos problemas del desempeño actual y sus perspectivas preocupantes hacen pensar, incluso dudar, sobre la supuesta comparatibilidad entre la política energética y la política ambiental en el país. Asumiendo una perspectiva de evaluación holística acorde a la economía ecológica, el estudio fundamente este hallazgo en:
- Un diagnóstico macro-sectorial del desempeño ambiental de la producción y el consumo de la energía en los últimos 35 años.
- Una crítica socio-ecológica a la política ambiental (basada primordialmente en la internacionalización monetaria de costos ambientales y la evaluación multiobjetivo de proyectos) del ICE.
- Un análisis del diverso impacto y la protección ambiental e la planificación y realización de proyectos energéticos, sobre todo hidroeléctricos de gran tamaño y alternativas de carácter descentralizado.
- Una revisión de las políticas de fomento a la instalación de energías renovables no convencionales.
- Una apreciación de los avances y regulaciones en el campo de mejoras en la eficiencia energética y de la producción más limpia con enfoque preventivo y finalmente en
- Una evaluación del marco institucional-regulatorio (en particular la regla del despacho) que ha venido imperando o se encuentra en un proceso de cambio ambiguo, como el protagonizado por el "Combo" en 2000.
Todos estos elementos estudiados introducen concluir que ha surgido mayormente un considerable divorcio entre la política energética practicada en el ICE y el país y una política ambiental de carácter innovador-estructural.
This document tries to reveal some problems and some threatening tendencies in the power sector of Costa Rica. These problems in the present performance and the perspective of this sector make think, even doubt, on the supposed comparative analysis between the power policy and the environmental policy in the country. Assuming a perspective of holistic evaluation agreed to the ecological economy, the study bases this finding on: - A macro-sectorial diagnosis of the environmental performance of the production and the consumption of energy in the last 35 years, - A socio-ecological critic to the environmental policy (fundamentally based on the monetary internationalization of environmental costs and the multi objective evaluation of projects) in ICE, - An analysis of the diverse impact and the environmental protection and the planning and accomplishment of power, mainly hydroelectric, projects of great size and alternatives of decentralized character, - A revision of the policies of promotion to non conventional renewable power plant, - An appreciation of the advances and regulations in the field of improvements in the power efficiency and of the clean production with preventive approach and finally in, - An evaluation of the institutional-regulatory frame that has come reigning or it is in a process of ambiguous change, like the carried out one by the "Stand for casks" in 2000. All these studied elements allow to conclude that there are a divorce between the practiced power policies in ICE and in the country and an environmental policy of innovating-structural character.
This document tries to reveal some problems and some threatening tendencies in the power sector of Costa Rica. These problems in the present performance and the perspective of this sector make think, even doubt, on the supposed comparative analysis between the power policy and the environmental policy in the country. Assuming a perspective of holistic evaluation agreed to the ecological economy, the study bases this finding on: - A macro-sectorial diagnosis of the environmental performance of the production and the consumption of energy in the last 35 years, - A socio-ecological critic to the environmental policy (fundamentally based on the monetary internationalization of environmental costs and the multi objective evaluation of projects) in ICE, - An analysis of the diverse impact and the environmental protection and the planning and accomplishment of power, mainly hydroelectric, projects of great size and alternatives of decentralized character, - A revision of the policies of promotion to non conventional renewable power plant, - An appreciation of the advances and regulations in the field of improvements in the power efficiency and of the clean production with preventive approach and finally in, - An evaluation of the institutional-regulatory frame that has come reigning or it is in a process of ambiguous change, like the carried out one by the "Stand for casks" in 2000. All these studied elements allow to conclude that there are a divorce between the practiced power policies in ICE and in the country and an environmental policy of innovating-structural character.