Perfil nacional de condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud de las personas trabajadoras : Nicaragua 2015 - 2019
Fecha
2021
Autores
Aragón Benavides, Aurora
López Bonilla, Indiana
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El perfil nacional de condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud de las personas trabajadoras de Nicaragua, que estamos presentando, reporta las estadísticas disponibles en las fuentes oficiales de Nicaragua 2015-2019 en lo que respecta a las condiciones de empleo y las condiciones de salud, particularmente de la población asegurada por el Instituto Nicaragüense de Seguridad Social (INSS). Adicionalmente, cuenta con datos de la Encuesta Centroamericana de Condiciones de Trabajo y Salud (ECCTS), que aporta lo que informaron una muestra de trabajadores nicaragüenses de las diferentes actividades económicas, donde se extrajeron datos sobre cuatro condiciones o riesgos seleccionados, salud auto percibida, y recursos y actividades preventivas que reconocen las personas trabajadoras en su ámbito laboral. El informe presenta una actualización sobre condiciones de empleo, trabajo, salud y acciones preventivas, para que quien lo lea conozca un quinquenio (2015 al 2019), período de tiempo que fue definido para toda Centroamérica para hacer futuras comparaciones. Los resultados muestran que, al igual que la mayoría de los países centroamericanos, Nicaragua tiene un gran sector informal, y aunque el porcentaje de asegurados mostró crecimiento, no logró superar el 30% y más bien ha experimentado una ligera tendencia a la reducción. Los riesgos más importantes son los disergonómicos, seguidos por ruido en determinadas actividades económicas como la construcción, y las sustancias tóxicas predominando en el sector agrícola, refiriéndose particularmente a plaguicidas. Los datos del INSS confirman lo que dijeron los entrevistados sobre los movimientos repetitivos como el riesgo más importante, al reportar a las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas como el número uno, particularmente el síndrome del túnel del carpo. También se encontró una alta percepción de mala salud (una de cada dos personas trabajadoras) y que los trabajadores formales se accidentan principalmente por caídas en el lugar de trabajo. También que hay muy poco conocimiento de los recursos y actividades de prevención. Estos resultados indican que es importante que se siga trabajando en la formalización del empleo y, por consiguiente, el acceso a la capacitación en Salud, Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional, así como a la prevención y atención por riesgos profesionales, accidentes y enfermedades de origen laboral. Aunque este perfil aporta información valiosa para generar planificaciones ajustadas, en una próxima publicación de esta naturaleza será útil incluir información sobre el nivel educativo de los trabajadores, su capacidad adquisitiva, así como el acceso a la salud y actividades preventivas, especialmente de los trabajadores informales. De la misma forma, sería valioso incluir información sobre acceso al empleo y formas de empleo, y el vínculo con migración temporal o permanente.
The national profile on employment, work, and health conditions of Nicaraguan workers, which we are presenting, reports the statistics available from Nicaragua’s official sources for the 2015–2019 period, regarding employment conditions and health conditions, particularly for the population covered by the Nicaraguan Social Security Institute (INSS). Additionally, it includes data from the Central American Survey on Working Conditions and Health (ECCTS), which provides insights reported by a sample of Nicaraguan workers across various economic activities. These data include information on four selected conditions or risks, self-perceived health, and the preventive resources and activities recognized by workers in their workplaces. The report presents an update on employment, work, health, and preventive actions to provide readers with a snapshot over a five-year period (2015–2019), which was defined across Central America for future comparison purposes.The results show that, like most Central American countries, Nicaragua has a large informal sector. Although the percentage of insured workers increased, it did not surpass 30% and has shown a slight declining trend.The most significant risks are ergonomic-related, followed by noise in specific economic sectors such as construction, and toxic substances—especially pesticides—in the agricultural sector. INSS data confirm what respondents reported: repetitive movements are the most prominent risk, with musculoskeletal disorders being the most commonly reported, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome.The report also found a high perception of poor health (one in two workers), and that formal workers are mainly injured by falls at the workplace. Additionally, there is very limited awareness of available preventive resources and activities. These findings indicate the importance of continuing efforts toward the formalization of employment, which would improve access to training in occupational health, hygiene, and safety, as well as prevention and care for occupational risks, accidents, and work-related illnesses. While this profile provides valuable information for tailored planning, future editions would benefit from including data on workers' educational levels, purchasing power, access to healthcare, and preventive activities, especially for informal workers. Likewise, it would be valuable to include information on access to employment, types of employment, and the link to temporary or permanent migration.
The national profile on employment, work, and health conditions of Nicaraguan workers, which we are presenting, reports the statistics available from Nicaragua’s official sources for the 2015–2019 period, regarding employment conditions and health conditions, particularly for the population covered by the Nicaraguan Social Security Institute (INSS). Additionally, it includes data from the Central American Survey on Working Conditions and Health (ECCTS), which provides insights reported by a sample of Nicaraguan workers across various economic activities. These data include information on four selected conditions or risks, self-perceived health, and the preventive resources and activities recognized by workers in their workplaces. The report presents an update on employment, work, health, and preventive actions to provide readers with a snapshot over a five-year period (2015–2019), which was defined across Central America for future comparison purposes.The results show that, like most Central American countries, Nicaragua has a large informal sector. Although the percentage of insured workers increased, it did not surpass 30% and has shown a slight declining trend.The most significant risks are ergonomic-related, followed by noise in specific economic sectors such as construction, and toxic substances—especially pesticides—in the agricultural sector. INSS data confirm what respondents reported: repetitive movements are the most prominent risk, with musculoskeletal disorders being the most commonly reported, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome.The report also found a high perception of poor health (one in two workers), and that formal workers are mainly injured by falls at the workplace. Additionally, there is very limited awareness of available preventive resources and activities. These findings indicate the importance of continuing efforts toward the formalization of employment, which would improve access to training in occupational health, hygiene, and safety, as well as prevention and care for occupational risks, accidents, and work-related illnesses. While this profile provides valuable information for tailored planning, future editions would benefit from including data on workers' educational levels, purchasing power, access to healthcare, and preventive activities, especially for informal workers. Likewise, it would be valuable to include information on access to employment, types of employment, and the link to temporary or permanent migration.
Descripción
Forma parte del proyecto: Programa Regional Salud, Trabajo y Ambiente en América Central N° SIA 0370-17
Responsable: Jennifer Crowe
Publicado en la colección: Informes Técnicos N° 48
Publicado en la colección: Informes Técnicos N° 48
Palabras clave
CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO, SALUD OCUPACIONAL, NICARAGUA, INFORMES, SALUD, WORKING CONDITIONS, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, INFORMATION, HEALTH