Vulnerabilidad de las redes de polinización planta-colibrí a la pérdida de especies endémicas y especialistas, en un gradiente altitudinal en la cordillera de Talamanca en Costa Rica.
Fecha
2023
Autores
Brenes Rodríguez, Emanuel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Para abordar de manera efectiva la creciente pérdida de biodiversidad, es fundamental identificar las especies más sensibles a las perturbaciones pero también evaluar la vulnerabilidad de sus interacciones. Esta investigación propone un sistema de estudio en las redes de interacción planta-colibrí para determinar la proporción de especies endémicas, la conectancia, el anidamiento, la especialización y la robustez de las redes a la extinción de especies en un gradiente altitudinal. Se implementó un nuevo escenario de simulación para probar la tolerancia de las redes a la pérdida de especies endémicas y especialistas. Las zonas altas resultaron robustas y las zonas medias y bajas resultaron más vulnerables. Además, la mayor proporción de especies endémicas se encontró en las partes altas del gradiente y la mayor especialización estuvo en las zonas medias. Se demostró que a nivel de interacciones el endemismo no es determinante, pero sí lo es la estructura de la red: una alta conectancia, un alto anidamiento y una baja especialización les otorga robustez a las redes. Se recomienda fijar los esfuerzos de conservación del proceso de polinización en los rangos de elevación medios y bajos pero sin perder de vista el alto grado de endemismo en la zona alta.
To effectively address the increasing loss of biodiversity, it is critical to identify the species most sensitive to disturbance but also to assess the vulnerability of their interactions. This research proposes a survey system in plant-hummingbird interaction networks to determine the proportion of endemic species, connectance, nesting, specialization, and robustness of the networks to species extinction along an altitudinal gradient. A new simulation scenario was implemented to test the tolerance of the networks to the loss of endemic and specialist species. High altitudes were found to be robust and middle and low altitudes were found to be more vulnerable. In addition, the highest proportion of endemic species was found in the upper parts of the gradient and the highest specialization was in the middle zones. It was demonstrated that at the level of interactions, endemism is not a determinant, but the structure of the network is: high connectivity, high nesting and low specialization give robustness to the networks. It is recommended to focus conservation efforts on the pollination process in the middle and low elevation ranges, but without losing sight of the high degree of endemism in the upper zone.
To effectively address the increasing loss of biodiversity, it is critical to identify the species most sensitive to disturbance but also to assess the vulnerability of their interactions. This research proposes a survey system in plant-hummingbird interaction networks to determine the proportion of endemic species, connectance, nesting, specialization, and robustness of the networks to species extinction along an altitudinal gradient. A new simulation scenario was implemented to test the tolerance of the networks to the loss of endemic and specialist species. High altitudes were found to be robust and middle and low altitudes were found to be more vulnerable. In addition, the highest proportion of endemic species was found in the upper parts of the gradient and the highest specialization was in the middle zones. It was demonstrated that at the level of interactions, endemism is not a determinant, but the structure of the network is: high connectivity, high nesting and low specialization give robustness to the networks. It is recommended to focus conservation efforts on the pollination process in the middle and low elevation ranges, but without losing sight of the high degree of endemism in the upper zone.
Descripción
TFG en modalidad proyecto
Palabras clave
COLIBRÍES, HUMMINGBIRDS, POLINIZACIÓN, POLLINATION, ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCIÓN, ENDANGERED SPECIES, BIODIVERSIDAD, CORDILLERA DE TALAMANCA, CERRO DE LA MUERTE, PÉREZ ZELEDÓN (SAN JOSÉ), COSTA RICA