La recolonización de Guanacaste, Costa Rica, por el turismo globalizado
Fecha
2017
Autores
Baltodano Zúñiga, Víctor Julio
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El capítulo señala que en la década de los 80 Costa Rica comenzó una política de estabilización, ajuste estructural y liberalización de la economía: que fueron medidas condicionadas por el Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Banco Mundial. Lo anterior produjo una mayor apertura de la economía costarricense y una apuesta por la inversión extranjera. En el caso del turismo, como actividad globalizada, igualmente se da un proceso similar donde grandes cadenas hoteleras dominan el mercado turístico, en detrimento de los pequeños negocios y de las empresas locales. El capital transnacional se asienta tanto en las provincias centrales, como en las de la periferia, tal es el caso de Guanacaste en donde se encuentran cadenas internaciones de hoteles; por ejemplo, el Riu, Barceló, Four Seasons, Hilton, JW Marriott, entre otras; además de desarrolladores inmobiliarios que tienen como segmento a personas extranjeras y algunos nacionales con altos ingresos. Los impactos de este modelo de desarrollo turístico no solo afectan a nivel empresarial, sino también en la cultura, en las pautas de consumo, en las nuevas formas de relacionarse y de vestir; así como en la construcción de un imaginario alrededor de una cultura eurocentrada, que va creando un nuevo marco de valores que aspira a lo extranjero y desdeña lo local.
The chapter points out that in the 1980s Costa Rica began a policy of stabilization, structural adjustment and liberalization of the economy: these were measures conditioned by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. This led to a greater opening of the Costa Rican economy and a commitment to foreign investment. In the case of tourism, as a globalized activity, there is a similar process where large hotel chains dominate the tourism market, to the detriment of small businesses and local companies. Transnational capital settles in the central provinces, as well as in the periphery, such is the case of Guanacaste where international hotel chains are located; for example, Riu, Barceló, Four Seasons, Hilton, JW Marriott, among others; in addition to real estate developers whose target segment is foreigners and some nationals with high incomes. The impacts of this tourism development model not only affect the business level, but also the culture, consumption patterns, new ways of relating and dressing, as well as the construction of an imaginary around a Eurocentric culture, which is creating a new framework of values that aspires to the foreign and disdains the local.
The chapter points out that in the 1980s Costa Rica began a policy of stabilization, structural adjustment and liberalization of the economy: these were measures conditioned by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. This led to a greater opening of the Costa Rican economy and a commitment to foreign investment. In the case of tourism, as a globalized activity, there is a similar process where large hotel chains dominate the tourism market, to the detriment of small businesses and local companies. Transnational capital settles in the central provinces, as well as in the periphery, such is the case of Guanacaste where international hotel chains are located; for example, Riu, Barceló, Four Seasons, Hilton, JW Marriott, among others; in addition to real estate developers whose target segment is foreigners and some nationals with high incomes. The impacts of this tourism development model not only affect the business level, but also the culture, consumption patterns, new ways of relating and dressing, as well as the construction of an imaginary around a Eurocentric culture, which is creating a new framework of values that aspires to the foreign and disdains the local.
Descripción
Capítulo 3 del libro. La cuestión turística: aproximaciones epistemológicas y es-tudios críticos sobre su práctica
Palabras clave
TURISMO, EPISTEMOLOGÍA, TURISMO ECOLÓGICO, GLOBALIZACIÓN, GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), HOTELES, TOURISM, EPISTEMOLOGY, ECOLOGICAL TOURISM, GLOBALIZATION, HOTELS