Cambios en la idoneidad del hábitat de la salamandra lengua de hongo yucateca (Bolitoglossa yucatana) bajo un escenario 2021-2040 de cambio climático en México.
Fecha
2024-11-15
Autores
Sergio Abisai Delgadillo Romero
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación se enfocó en generar un modelo de idoneidad del hábitat para la salamandra lengua de hongo yucateca (Bolitoglossa yucatana) para un escenario bioclimático presente así como como un escenario proyectado al periodo 2021-2040; lo anterior, bajo el algoritmo Isolation forest y el uso de otros paquetes asociados al software R. El uso del modelo y su capacidad predictiva, fue utilizada para identificar y estimar la extensión de las zonas que podrían tener una pérdida de idoneidad; y de forma paralela, destacar las áreas críticas para la conservación de la especie. Bajo este contexto, se modeló la idoneidad del hábitat, tomando en cuenta 276 registros de presencia de la especie y destacando que las variables bioclimáticas que mejor explican la distribución de la misma en el área de estudio fueron la bio 11 (Temperatura media del trimestre más frío), bio 9 (Temperatura media del trimestre más seco) y bio 13 (Precipitación del mes más húmedo). Se generaron mapas que representaron visualmente el modelo en el área de estudio logrando identificar la calidad del hábitat idóneo. Por otra parte, el modelo indicó un buen desempeño y métricas estadísticamente representativas. Por último, se estimó una pérdida del 40% de idoneidad del hábitat para el escenario de cambio climático 2021-2040 (MPI-ESM1-2-HR, SSP370), caracterizado por un alto incremento de emisiones contaminantes, fuerte presión sobre los recursos naturales, eventos climáticos extremos más frecuentes e intensos, disminución de la biodiversidad y pérdida de hábitats. En cuanto a las áreas críticas, se destacaron las Áreas Naturales Protegidas de Calakmul, Balam Kú, Sian Ka'an, Bala'an K'aax y Balam Kin como aquellas zonas geográficas con alta idoneidad del hábitat y mayor superficie estimada para el escenario futuro.
The present research focused on generating a habitat suitability model for the Yucatan mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa yucatana) for a present bioclimatic scenario as well as a projected scenario for the period 2021-2040, using the Isolation forest algorithm and other packages associated with R software. The use of the model and its predictive capacity was used to identify and estimate the extent of the areas that could have a loss of suitability; and in parallel, to highlight the critical areas for the conservation of the species. In this context, habitat suitability was modeled, taking into account 276 records of presence of the species and highlighting that the bioclimatic variables that best explain the distribution of the species in the study area were bio 11 (Average temperature of the coldest quarter), bio 9 (Average temperature of the driest quarter) and bio 13 (Precipitation of the wettest month). Maps were generated that visually represented the model in the study area and were able to identify the quality of suitable habitat. Moreover, the model indicated good performance and statistically representative metrics. Finally, a 40% loss of habitat suitability was estimated for the 2021-2040 climate change scenario (MPI-ESM1-2-HR, SSP370), characterized by a high increase in pollutant emissions, strong pressure on natural resources, more frequent and intense extreme weather events, decreased biodiversity and habitat loss. In terms of critical areas, the Calakmul, Balam Kú, Sian Ka'an, Bala'an K'aax and Balam Kin Protected Natural Areas were highlighted as those geographic zones with high habitat suitability and the largest estimated surface area for the future scenario
The present research focused on generating a habitat suitability model for the Yucatan mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa yucatana) for a present bioclimatic scenario as well as a projected scenario for the period 2021-2040, using the Isolation forest algorithm and other packages associated with R software. The use of the model and its predictive capacity was used to identify and estimate the extent of the areas that could have a loss of suitability; and in parallel, to highlight the critical areas for the conservation of the species. In this context, habitat suitability was modeled, taking into account 276 records of presence of the species and highlighting that the bioclimatic variables that best explain the distribution of the species in the study area were bio 11 (Average temperature of the coldest quarter), bio 9 (Average temperature of the driest quarter) and bio 13 (Precipitation of the wettest month). Maps were generated that visually represented the model in the study area and were able to identify the quality of suitable habitat. Moreover, the model indicated good performance and statistically representative metrics. Finally, a 40% loss of habitat suitability was estimated for the 2021-2040 climate change scenario (MPI-ESM1-2-HR, SSP370), characterized by a high increase in pollutant emissions, strong pressure on natural resources, more frequent and intense extreme weather events, decreased biodiversity and habitat loss. In terms of critical areas, the Calakmul, Balam Kú, Sian Ka'an, Bala'an K'aax and Balam Kin Protected Natural Areas were highlighted as those geographic zones with high habitat suitability and the largest estimated surface area for the future scenario
Descripción
Trabajo presentado para optar al grado de Maestría Profesional en Conservación de Vida Silvestre y Biodiversidad
Palabras clave
SALAMANDRAS, HÁBITAT, BIOCLIMA, CONTAMINANTES AMBIENTALES, SALAMANDERS, HABITAT, BIOCLIMATE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS