Manejo de Mercancías Químicas peligrosas en puerto Caldera, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Fecha
2009
Autores
Mora, José Carlos
León, Sandra
Sasa, Jihad
Hidalgo, Mario
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Puerto Caldera, ubicado en Puntarenas, Costa Rica, en uno de los puertos más importantes de Centroamérica, ya que a través de él se trasiegan por año aproximadamente 1.5 millones de toneladas métricas de carga de diferentes categorías, incluyendo mercancías químicas peligrosas, las cuales han originado emergencias químicas lo que ha dado lugar a la necesidad de valorar los procesos de carga/descarga y almacenamiento de las mercancías con la finalidad de introducir los cambios que correspondan.
En atención a lo anterior se evaluaron los aspectos más importantes en cuanto al cumplimiento de las normas nacionales e internacionales para el trasiego de mercancías peligrosas en puertos en lo referente a la manipulación y el almacenamiento de mercancías químicas peligrosas en áreas portuarias.
De la evaluación de lo expuesto anteriormente se determinan las limitaciones más importantes que enfrenta Puerto Caldera, entre otras se tienen: necesidades de capacitación del personal con respecto al manejo de mercancías peligrosas, equipo y materiales de seguridad insuficientes, permanencia de largos periodos de mercadería en bodegas, condiciones de bodegas inapropiadas para el almacenamiento de mercancías químicas, ausencia de criterios de clasificación y ubicación de mercancías peligrosas en la zona de descargue y en las bodegas del Puerto.
Para que Puerto Caldera tenga un manejo adecuado de las mercancías químicas peligrosas se propone un Plan de Mejoramiento y se recomiendan lineamientos básicos para elaborar un Plan de contingencias, que incluya acciones para disminuir el riesgo de accidentes asociados con el manejo de mercancías peligrosas y para minimizar las consecuencias en caso de accidente, en cuanto a la pérdida de vidas, daños a las personas, a la propiedad y al medio ambiente.
Puerto Caldera, located in Puntarenas, Costa Rica, is one of the most important Harbors of Central America, which is a key point to transport about 1.5 millions of metric tons of different categories of products every year, including dangerous chemical merchandise. The chemical has have originated emergencies, which has given rise to the necessity to asses load and unload process, and storage. In attention to the matter the most important aspects related to the fulfillment of the national and international norms during the merchandise dangerous transportation in Harbors were evaluated. According to the evaluation of the different handling, storage and transportation processes, Puerto Caldera, face among others the following problems: Personal training necessities addressed to the employees involved in the process of handling dangerous merchandise. Insufficient equipment and materials to guarantee a safe environment. The permanence of merchandise for long periods in warehouse. Unsuitable conditions of warehouse for the proper storage of chemical merchandise. Absence of classification and location criteria of dangerous chemical merchandise in the unloading and loading areas as well as in warehouse. Based up the previous evaluations, the following aspects were developed: An improvement plan for adequate handling of chemical merchandise. Recommendation of specific guidelines to create a Contingencies Plan. The purposes of the two aspects are to promote actions to diminish the risk of accidents associated to the handling of a dangerous merchandise. In the same way, it was proposed a Plan of Improvement and basic lineaments to elaborate a Plan of Contingencies that includes actions to diminish the risk of accidents associated to the handling of dangerous merchandise and to diminish the consequences, in case of accident, as far as the loss of lives, damages to the people, the property and the environment. All this will make Puerto Caldera a safe place for the handling of chemical dangerous merchandise.
Puerto Caldera, located in Puntarenas, Costa Rica, is one of the most important Harbors of Central America, which is a key point to transport about 1.5 millions of metric tons of different categories of products every year, including dangerous chemical merchandise. The chemical has have originated emergencies, which has given rise to the necessity to asses load and unload process, and storage. In attention to the matter the most important aspects related to the fulfillment of the national and international norms during the merchandise dangerous transportation in Harbors were evaluated. According to the evaluation of the different handling, storage and transportation processes, Puerto Caldera, face among others the following problems: Personal training necessities addressed to the employees involved in the process of handling dangerous merchandise. Insufficient equipment and materials to guarantee a safe environment. The permanence of merchandise for long periods in warehouse. Unsuitable conditions of warehouse for the proper storage of chemical merchandise. Absence of classification and location criteria of dangerous chemical merchandise in the unloading and loading areas as well as in warehouse. Based up the previous evaluations, the following aspects were developed: An improvement plan for adequate handling of chemical merchandise. Recommendation of specific guidelines to create a Contingencies Plan. The purposes of the two aspects are to promote actions to diminish the risk of accidents associated to the handling of a dangerous merchandise. In the same way, it was proposed a Plan of Improvement and basic lineaments to elaborate a Plan of Contingencies that includes actions to diminish the risk of accidents associated to the handling of dangerous merchandise and to diminish the consequences, in case of accident, as far as the loss of lives, damages to the people, the property and the environment. All this will make Puerto Caldera a safe place for the handling of chemical dangerous merchandise.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MERCANCÍAS QUÍMICAS PELIGROSAS, TRANSPORTE DE PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS, PLANES DE CONTINGENCIAS, ACCIDENTES QUÍMICOS, EMERGENCIAS CON PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS, CÓDIGO IMDG, BODEGAS DE PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS, MANEJO DE PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS, DANGEROUS CHEMICAL MERCHANDISE, CHEMICAL HANDLING, MERCHANDISE DANGEROUS TRANSPORTATION