Red de conectividad que permita la Priorización de esfuerzos de conservación del hábitat de la Lapa Roja (Ara macao) en el Corredor Biológico paso de las Lapas, Pacífico Central, Costa Rica
Fecha
2019-11-14
Autores
Solís Hernández, Hellen
Jiménez Jaén, Oscar
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los corredores biológicos son espacios de conservación que contribuyen de manera
positiva. Son una respuesta para contrarrestar los problemas y desafíos actuales
relacionados a la pérdida de cobertura forestal y cambios en los usos de la tierra. La
fragmentación de los ecosistemas naturales afecta la biodiversidad y por ende favorece la
pérdida de la conectividad entre hábitats.
El Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano se crea como una iniciativa latinoamericana para la
atención de estas problemáticas. Con su creación se pretende la conservación de la
biodiversidad biológica, el manejo y conservación de los recursos naturales y el desarrollo
sostenible. Mediante la planificación, estrategias, políticas e instrumentos de ordenamiento
territorial se garantiza la conectividad de los espacios protegidos.
Costa Rica forma parte de esta iniciativa y dentro de sus políticas establece un programa
nacional de corredores biológicos. Este tiene como fin fortalecer las áreas protegidas
(estatales y privadas) y garantizar su conectividad. El país está dividido en 11 áreas de
conservación, dentro de las cuales, aproximadamente 33% de la superficie continental se
encuentra bajo el esquema de corredores biológicos.
El corredor biológico Paso de las Lapas se ubica en el Área de Conservación Pacífico
Central. Fue creado como un esfuerzo para restablecer la conectividad en las áreas
silvestres presentes dentro de sus límites, y garantizar el sustento y resguardo de la lapa roja
(Ara Macao), especie símbolo de dicho corredor.
En esta investigación se evalúa la estructura y funcionalidad del corredor biológico para
priorizar esfuerzos de conservación de la especie. Fue necesaria la realización de un análisis
del uso de la tierra en el corredor, con la utilización de sensores remotos y sistemas de
información geográfica. Estos permitieron caracterizar el corredor en función de los
requerimientos de hábitat de la especie.
También se determinaron las áreas de predicción de abundancia de la especie y las rutas de
conectividad en áreas de menor resistencia; se establecieron lineamientos de manejo que
garanticen la permanencia y conservación de la especie dentro del corredor biológico.
El manejo, resguardo y permanencia de la especie dentro del corredor es un esfuerzo
integral. Este involucra la interacción de las instituciones gubernamentales, ONG, sector
privado y comunidades. De forma que todas las acciones que se realicen tengan un fin u
objetivo en común: la conservación y manejo adecuado de los recursos naturales. En este
caso particular, el propósito es garantizar la conectividad y funcionalidad del corredor, por
consiguiente, la conservación de la lapa roja.
Biological corridors are conservation spaces that contribute in a positive way. They are a response to counteract the current problems and challenges related to the loss of forest cover and changes in land use. The fragmentation of natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and therefore favors the loss of connectivity between habitats. The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor is created as a Latin American initiative to address these problems. With its creation it is intended the conservation of biological biodiversity, the management and conservation of natural resources and sustainable development. Through planning, strategies, policies and instruments of land use, the connectivity of protected areas is guaranteed. Costa Rica is part of this initiative and within its policies it establishes a national program of biological corridors. This aims to strengthen protected areas (state and private) and guarantee their connectivity. The country is divided into 11 conservation areas, within which approximately 33% of the continental surface is under the scheme of biological corridors. The Paso de las Lapas biological corridor is located in the Central Pacific Conservation Area. It was created as an effort to reestablish connectivity in the wild areas present within its limits, and to guarantee the sustenance and protection of the scarlet macaw (Ara Macao), a symbolic species of said corridor. This research evaluates the structure and functionality of the biological corridor to prioritize conservation efforts for the species. It was necessary to carry out an analysis of land use in the corridor, with the use of remote sensors and geographic information systems. These allowed to characterize the corridor based on the habitat requirements of the species. The species abundance prediction areas and connectivity routes in areas of less resistance were also determined; Management guidelines were established to guarantee the permanence and conservation of the species within the biological corridor. The management, protection and permanence of the species within the corridor is an integral effort. This involves the interaction of government institutions, NGOs, the private sector, and communities. So that all the actions carried out have a common goal or objective: the conservation and proper management of natural resources. In this particular case, the purpose is to guarantee the connectivity and functionality of the corridor, therefore, the conservation of the scarlet macaw.
Biological corridors are conservation spaces that contribute in a positive way. They are a response to counteract the current problems and challenges related to the loss of forest cover and changes in land use. The fragmentation of natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and therefore favors the loss of connectivity between habitats. The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor is created as a Latin American initiative to address these problems. With its creation it is intended the conservation of biological biodiversity, the management and conservation of natural resources and sustainable development. Through planning, strategies, policies and instruments of land use, the connectivity of protected areas is guaranteed. Costa Rica is part of this initiative and within its policies it establishes a national program of biological corridors. This aims to strengthen protected areas (state and private) and guarantee their connectivity. The country is divided into 11 conservation areas, within which approximately 33% of the continental surface is under the scheme of biological corridors. The Paso de las Lapas biological corridor is located in the Central Pacific Conservation Area. It was created as an effort to reestablish connectivity in the wild areas present within its limits, and to guarantee the sustenance and protection of the scarlet macaw (Ara Macao), a symbolic species of said corridor. This research evaluates the structure and functionality of the biological corridor to prioritize conservation efforts for the species. It was necessary to carry out an analysis of land use in the corridor, with the use of remote sensors and geographic information systems. These allowed to characterize the corridor based on the habitat requirements of the species. The species abundance prediction areas and connectivity routes in areas of less resistance were also determined; Management guidelines were established to guarantee the permanence and conservation of the species within the biological corridor. The management, protection and permanence of the species within the corridor is an integral effort. This involves the interaction of government institutions, NGOs, the private sector, and communities. So that all the actions carried out have a common goal or objective: the conservation and proper management of natural resources. In this particular case, the purpose is to guarantee the connectivity and functionality of the corridor, therefore, the conservation of the scarlet macaw.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CONSERVACIÓN, CONSERVATION, CORREDOR BIOLÓGICO, BIOLOGICAL CORRIDOR, COSTA RICA, HÁBITAT, HABITAT, LAPA ROJA, ARA MACAO, ORDENACIÓN DE RECURSOS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RED LIMPET, SENSORES REMOTOS, REMOTE SENSING, SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS