Balance de la economía costarricense en 1999: realidades, espejismos y desafíos
Fecha
2000-04-01
Autores
Mora Jimenez, HENRY Manuel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
A primera vista, la economía costarricense mostró en 1999 importantes signos de vitalidad: menor inflación, bajo desempleo (aunque con un subempleo significativo), alto crecimiento del producto interno bruto (PIB) y de las exportaciones, aumento en los salarios reales (según las estadísticas oficiales), crecimiento del crédito y de la liquidez dentro de las metas del programa monetario, significativos ingresos de capital externo y de inversión extranjera directa, balanza comercial positiva, etc. Pero si observamos la realidad más de cerca (aunque permaneciendo dentro de la óptica macroeconómica, necesariamente limitada), veremos que detrás de las cifras más alegres se ocultan serios problemas sin resolver, muchos de ellos de larga data, que exigen renovadas estrategias y políticas para enfrentar los desafíos de un desarrollo económico con justicia social y sostenibilidad ambiental. A continuación hacemos una apretada síntesis del desempeño económico reciente, reconociendo los avances y las oportunidades cuando corresponda, pero a la vez llamando la atención sobre los problemas que aún persisten, y advirtiendo sobre los espejismos que podrían estar distorsionando el análisis objetivo de la realidad.
At first glance, the Costa Rican economy showed in 1999 important signs of vitality: lower inflation, low unemployment (albeit with significant underemployment), high growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and exports, increase in real wages (according to official statistics), credit and liquidity growth within the goals of the monetary program, significant inflows of foreign capital and foreign direct investment, positive trade balance, etc. But if we look at reality more closely (although remaining within the necessarily limited macroeconomic perspective), we will see that behind the happiest figures there are serious unsolved problems, many of them long-standing, that require renewed strategies and policies to face the challenges of economic development with social justice and environmental sustainability. Below we summarize recent economic performance, acknowledging progress and opportunities where appropriate, but at the same time drawing attention to the problems that still persist, and warning of the mirages that could be distorting the objective analysis of reality.
At first glance, the Costa Rican economy showed in 1999 important signs of vitality: lower inflation, low unemployment (albeit with significant underemployment), high growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and exports, increase in real wages (according to official statistics), credit and liquidity growth within the goals of the monetary program, significant inflows of foreign capital and foreign direct investment, positive trade balance, etc. But if we look at reality more closely (although remaining within the necessarily limited macroeconomic perspective), we will see that behind the happiest figures there are serious unsolved problems, many of them long-standing, that require renewed strategies and policies to face the challenges of economic development with social justice and environmental sustainability. Below we summarize recent economic performance, acknowledging progress and opportunities where appropriate, but at the same time drawing attention to the problems that still persist, and warning of the mirages that could be distorting the objective analysis of reality.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ECONOMÍA, COSTA RICA, MACROECONOMÍA, ECONOMY, MACROECONOMIC