Impacto ambiental de diferentes sectores productivos de Costa Rica
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Arce-Villalobos, Kelvin
Arias-Castro, Alejandro
Hernández-Ugalde, Karina
Mora-Barrantes, José Carlos
Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Rolando
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Tecnológico de Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. La Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) consiste en la identificación y valoración de los impactos potenciales de proyectos respecto a los componentes físicos, químicos, biológicos, culturales, económicos y sociales, con el fin de que mediante la planificación y la correcta toma de decisiones se desarrollen aquellas actuaciones más compatibles con el ambiente. Además, representa un mecanismo acondicionado a la realidad global actual, que permite el control y seguimiento de la gestión ambiental de forma integral. A pesar de ser una temática ampliamente desarrollada, en múltiples ocasiones su aplicación no es comprendida a plenitud ante la pluralidad de sectores productivos que contempla su aplicación, entre otros aspectos. En Costa Rica, el proceso de evaluación ambiental lo fiscaliza la Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental (SETENA); entre los instrumentos de fiscalización se dispone del formulario ambiental denominado “Formulario D-1”, en el cual, el futuro desarrollador de la obra, actividad o proyecto evidencia los impactos ambientales y sociales a generar por parte de la actividad a desarrollar. En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló una evaluación del impacto ambiental de diferentes sectores productivos en Costa Rica a partir de formularios D-1 ingresados a la SETENA durante los años 2018 y 2019. En total se analizaron 125 formularios de futuros proyectos a desarrollar. El sector industrial denominado “Explotación de minas y canteras” presenta el mayor valor de impacto ambiental (271,27). Por su parte el sector industrial con menor valor de impacto ambiental (94,64) corresponde a “Electricidad, gas y agua”.
Abstract. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) consists on the identification and assessment of the potential impacts of projects according to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, economic and social components, in order that by planning and the correct decision-making process, those actions most compatible with the environment are developed. Therefore, it represents a mechanism conditioned to the current global reality, which allows the control and monitoring of environmental management in an integral way. Despite being a widely developed theme, on multiple occasions its application is not fully understood in the face of the plurality of productive sectors that its application contemplates, among other aspects. In Costa Rica, the environmental evaluation process is supervised by the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (SETENA); among the inspection instruments there is an environmental form called “D-1 Form”, in which the future developer of the work, activity or project demonstrates the environmental and social impacts to be generated by the activity to develop. In the present research work an evaluation of the environmental impact of different productive sectors in Costa Rica was developed from D-1 forms entered to SETENA during 2018 and 2019. In total, 125 forms of future projects to be developed were analyzed. The industrial sector called “Mining and quarrying” showed the highest environmental impact value (271,27). The industrial sector with the lowest environmental impact value (94,64) corresponds to “Electricity, gas and water”.
Abstract. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) consists on the identification and assessment of the potential impacts of projects according to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, economic and social components, in order that by planning and the correct decision-making process, those actions most compatible with the environment are developed. Therefore, it represents a mechanism conditioned to the current global reality, which allows the control and monitoring of environmental management in an integral way. Despite being a widely developed theme, on multiple occasions its application is not fully understood in the face of the plurality of productive sectors that its application contemplates, among other aspects. In Costa Rica, the environmental evaluation process is supervised by the National Environmental Technical Secretariat (SETENA); among the inspection instruments there is an environmental form called “D-1 Form”, in which the future developer of the work, activity or project demonstrates the environmental and social impacts to be generated by the activity to develop. In the present research work an evaluation of the environmental impact of different productive sectors in Costa Rica was developed from D-1 forms entered to SETENA during 2018 and 2019. In total, 125 forms of future projects to be developed were analyzed. The industrial sector called “Mining and quarrying” showed the highest environmental impact value (271,27). The industrial sector with the lowest environmental impact value (94,64) corresponds to “Electricity, gas and water”.
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Palabras clave
GESTION AMBIENTAL, IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, SECTOR INDUSTRIAL, COSTA RICA, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR