Riqueza de abejas nativas relacionada con el uso de recursos florales en seis tipos de cobertura vegetal existentes en el corredor biológico Paso del Istmo en Rivas, Nicaragua.
Fecha
2025-01-09
Autores
Marcos Antonio Calero Pérez
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Editor
Universidad Nacional Costa Rica
Resumen
Las abejas nativas son reconocidas por sus invaluables servicios ecosistémicos que contribuyen a la permanencia de muchas plantas por medio de la producción de frutos y semillas que a su vez forman parte de la dieta de muchos animales fortaleciendo el origen de diversas cadenas tróficas.
Los humanos también recibimos beneficios de estos insectos por la polinización de cultivos y recursos alimenticios y medicinales como: polen, propóleos y miel. En este trabajo se determinaron las especies de abejas y plantas en seis tipos de cobertura vegetal: potrero, bosque,
manglar, área de cultivos, área de reforestación y patios de casas con jardines en el corredor biológico Paso del Istmo, los datos utilizados para este estudio se obtuvieron de una colecta que se realizó en el año 2016 e inicios del 2017. La mayor riqueza de abejas y plantas se obtuvo en potrero y bosque, varias plantas consideradas como “maleza” resultaron ser utilizadas por muchas especies de abejas lo que sugiere la implementación de estrategias de conservación para que permanezcan en los sitios encontrados. Tres especies de las abejas registradas se encontraron con estado evaluado en la lista roja de la UICN, las demás especies registradas no se están evaluadas por falta de estudios que permitan evaluar el estado de sus poblaciones. Tres especies de meliponas manejadas por productores fueron registradas: Melipona beecheii, Cephalotrigona zexmeniae y Tetraginisca angustula, así como los recursos florales que utilizan. Se sugiere implementar métodos de colectas sistemáticos para realizar análisis estadísticos más precisos.
Native bees are recognized for their invaluable ecosystem services that contribute to the permanence of many plants through the production of fruits and seeds that in turn form part of the diet of many animals, strengthening the origin of diverse food chains. Humans also receive benefits from these insects by pollinating crops and food and medicinal resources such as pollen, propolis and honey. In this work we determined the species of bees and plants in six types of vegetation cover: pasture, forest, mangrove, crop area, reforestation area and yards of houses with gardens in the corridor biological Paso del Istmo, the data used for this study were obtained from a collection that was conducted in 2016 and early 2017.The highest richness of bees and plants was obtained in pasture and forest, several plants considered as “weeds” were used by many species of bees, suggesting the implementation of conservation strategies for to remain in the sites found. Three species of bees recorded were found with status evaluated in the IUCN red list, the other species recorded are not being evaluated for lack of studies to assess the status of their populations. Three species of meliponas managed by producers were recorded: Melipona beecheii, Cephalotrigona zexmeniae and Tetraginisca angustula, as well as the floral resources they use. It is suggested to implement systematic collection methods for more accurate statistical analysis.
Native bees are recognized for their invaluable ecosystem services that contribute to the permanence of many plants through the production of fruits and seeds that in turn form part of the diet of many animals, strengthening the origin of diverse food chains. Humans also receive benefits from these insects by pollinating crops and food and medicinal resources such as pollen, propolis and honey. In this work we determined the species of bees and plants in six types of vegetation cover: pasture, forest, mangrove, crop area, reforestation area and yards of houses with gardens in the corridor biological Paso del Istmo, the data used for this study were obtained from a collection that was conducted in 2016 and early 2017.The highest richness of bees and plants was obtained in pasture and forest, several plants considered as “weeds” were used by many species of bees, suggesting the implementation of conservation strategies for to remain in the sites found. Three species of bees recorded were found with status evaluated in the IUCN red list, the other species recorded are not being evaluated for lack of studies to assess the status of their populations. Three species of meliponas managed by producers were recorded: Melipona beecheii, Cephalotrigona zexmeniae and Tetraginisca angustula, as well as the floral resources they use. It is suggested to implement systematic collection methods for more accurate statistical analysis.
Descripción
Trabajo final de graduación sometido a la modalidad de tesis para optar por la Maestría en Conservación de Vida Silvestre y Biodiversidad
Palabras clave
POLINIZACIÓN, FLORES, MELIPONINAE, ABEJAS, POLLINATION, FLOWERS, BEES