Extracción y evaluación de taninos condensados a partir de la corteza de once especies maderables de Costa Rica
Fecha
2012
Autores
Aguilar López, Jorge
Jaén Jiménez, Jean Carlo
Vargas Abarca, Ana Sofía
Jiménez Bonilla, Pablo
Vega Guzmán, Ilena
Herrera-Núñez, Jacqueline
Borbón Alpízar, Henry
Soto-Fallas, Roy
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Tecnológico de Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La naturaleza química de los taninos condensados los
convierte en una fuente natural de compuestos orgánicos,
con una aplicación potencialmente amplia para usos
medicinales e industriales.
La extracción y análisis de este tipo de metabolitos a
partir de la flora de diversas regiones del planeta ha sido
el objetivo del estudio de diversos grupos de trabajo, y
en este caso se ha querido hacer un aporte al estado del
conocimiento actual, realizando un estudio sobre la naturaleza
y la cantidad del tanino condensado que se puede
extraer de la corteza de 11 especies arbóreas presentes
en Costa Rica: guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum),
alcornoque (Licania arborea), jobo (Spondias mombin),
pochote (Pachira quinata), níspero (Manilkara
chicle), almendro (Andira inermis), roble (Tabebuia
rosea), cedro (Cedrela odorata), cenízaro (Samanea
saman), pino (Pinus caribaea) y ciprés (Cupressus
lusitanica).
Las muestras de corteza fueron preparadas, secadas y
extraídas con etanol. Se analizaron los extractos etanólicos
para determinar el contenido de taninos condensados
a través del número de Stiasny, y se caracterizaron
mediante espectroscopía infrarroja (FT-IR).
Las especies con mayor proporción de material extraído
fueron guanacaste (9.5841% m/m), pochote (15.0066%
m/m), pino (19.3400% m/m) y ciprés (10.5300% m/m),
mientras que los extractos con una mayor proporción
de taninos condensados correspondieron a alcornoque
(61.9% m/m), jobo (66.1% m/m), pochote (72.8% m/m),
níspero (50.5% m/m), cedro (72.7% m/m) y pino (70.7%
m/m).
The chemical nature of condensed tannins offers a natural source of such organic compounds, with potential application to medicinal and industrial uses. The extraction and analysis of this type of metabolites from plants of many regions of the world have been the objective of researching groups. In this case, it is desired to contribute to present knowledge, establishing the nature and amounts of condensed tannins extracted from bark of 11 tree species grown in Costa Rica: guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), alcornoque (Licania arborea), jobo (Spondias mombin), pochote (Pachira quinata), níspero (Manilkara chicle), almendro (Andira inermis), roble (Tabebuia rosea), cedro (Cedrela odorata), cenízaro (Samanea saman), pino (Pinus caribaea) and ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica). Bark samples of all mentioned species were prepared, dried and extracted with ethanol. Ethanolic extracts were analyzed to determine the condensed tannins content by Stiasny number and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The species with higher proportion of extracted material were guanacaste (9.5841% w/w), pochote (15.0066% w/w), pino (19.3400% w/w) and ciprés (10.5300% w/w), meanwhile extracts with higher proportions of condensed tannins were the obtained from alcornoque (61.9%), jobo (66.1%), pochote (72.8%), níspero (50.5%), cedro (72.7%) and pino (70.7%).
The chemical nature of condensed tannins offers a natural source of such organic compounds, with potential application to medicinal and industrial uses. The extraction and analysis of this type of metabolites from plants of many regions of the world have been the objective of researching groups. In this case, it is desired to contribute to present knowledge, establishing the nature and amounts of condensed tannins extracted from bark of 11 tree species grown in Costa Rica: guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), alcornoque (Licania arborea), jobo (Spondias mombin), pochote (Pachira quinata), níspero (Manilkara chicle), almendro (Andira inermis), roble (Tabebuia rosea), cedro (Cedrela odorata), cenízaro (Samanea saman), pino (Pinus caribaea) and ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica). Bark samples of all mentioned species were prepared, dried and extracted with ethanol. Ethanolic extracts were analyzed to determine the condensed tannins content by Stiasny number and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The species with higher proportion of extracted material were guanacaste (9.5841% w/w), pochote (15.0066% w/w), pino (19.3400% w/w) and ciprés (10.5300% w/w), meanwhile extracts with higher proportions of condensed tannins were the obtained from alcornoque (61.9%), jobo (66.1%), pochote (72.8%), níspero (50.5%), cedro (72.7%) and pino (70.7%).
Descripción
Palabras clave
COMPUESTOS ORGANICOS, TANINOS, ESPECIES, PLANTAS LEÑOSAS, WOODY PLANTS, SPECIES, COSTA RICA