Diversidad de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Apidae: Meliponini) en Atenas, Alajuela Costa Rica
Fecha
2021-08
Autores
Lozano Puerto, Faustino Israel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó entre los meses de marzo y mayo del 2021 en la finca Rodolfo Arce, que se encuentra ubicado a 7.4 Km del centro de Atenas en el barrio Jesús al oeste del en la provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica, con el objetivo de determinar la diversidad de abejas nativas sin aguijón. Para la cual se seleccionaron 4 parcelas de 40 x 40 m en la cual se utilizaron 4 métodos (trampas de plato, red entomológica, trampa malaise y trampa de paleta). En donde se encontraron un total 286 abejas, distribuidas en 2 familias, siendo Apidae con (282) y Halictidae con (4) individuos; estas 282 abejas pertenecientes a Apidae se encontraban distribuidas en 4 tribus, de la cual Meliponini fue la más abundante (177) y Apini con (100). Estos meliponinos se encontraban distribuidos en 11 géneros siendo Plebia el más predominante (118) y Apis con (100); distribuidas en 18 especies de abejas, en donde 7 pertenecieron de Meliponini. La parcela 2 fue la que presentó el mayor número individuo (N=80); El método de colecta, que presento mayor efectividad fue la trampa de plato con (137).El mes que presentó la mayor incidencia de abejas fue mayo con (N = 90). La parcela 1 obtuvo la mayor riqueza de especies, riqueza específica, cantidad de especies raras; en cambio la mayor dominancia se presentó en la parcela 2 y las especies más abundantes se encontraron en la parcela 4. La prevalencia de P. frontalis sobre las otras especies de abejas encontradas, está relacionada con la presencia de un nido. En el que el tamaño corporal, rangos de vuelo y comportamiento de reclutamiento de esta especie, provocaron la mayor incidencia en los muestreos realizados. La mayor riqueza de especies se obtuvo en la parcela 2, esto se debió a la cercanía del cultivo de café y dominancia de especies observadas en dicha parcela. Lo cual está ligada a la existencia de un nido muy cercano, rangos de vuelo, comportamiento de reclutamiento.
The present work was carried out between the months of March and May 2021 at the Rodolfo Arce farm, which is located 7.4 km from the center of Atenas in the Jesús neighborhood to the west of in the province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, with the objective of to determine the diversity of native stingless bees. For which 4 plots of 40 x 40 m were selected in which 4 methods were used (plate traps, entomological net, malaise trap and paddle trap). Where a total of 286 bees were found, distributed in 2 families, being Apidae with (282) and Halictidae with (4) individuals; These 282 bees belonging to Apidae were distributed in 4 tribes, of which Meliponini was the most abundant (177) and Apini with (100). These Meliponines were distributed in 11 genera, being Plebia the most predominant (118) and Apis with (100); distributed in 18 species of bees, where 7 belonged to Meliponini. Plot 2 was the one with the highest individual number (N = 80); The collection method that presented the greatest effectiveness was the plate trap with (137). The month that presented the highest incidence of bees was May with (N = 90). Plot 1 obtained the highest species richness, specific richness, number of rare species; On the other hand, the greatest dominance was found in plot 2 and the most abundant species were found in plot 4. The prevalence of P. frontalis over the other species of bees found is related to the presence of a nest. In which the body size, flight ranges and recruitment behavior of this species caused the highest incidence in the samplings carried out. The highest species richness was obtained in plot 2, this was due to the proximity of coffee cultivation and the dominance of species observed in said plot. Which is linked to the existence of a very close nest, flight ranges, recruitment behavior.
The present work was carried out between the months of March and May 2021 at the Rodolfo Arce farm, which is located 7.4 km from the center of Atenas in the Jesús neighborhood to the west of in the province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, with the objective of to determine the diversity of native stingless bees. For which 4 plots of 40 x 40 m were selected in which 4 methods were used (plate traps, entomological net, malaise trap and paddle trap). Where a total of 286 bees were found, distributed in 2 families, being Apidae with (282) and Halictidae with (4) individuals; These 282 bees belonging to Apidae were distributed in 4 tribes, of which Meliponini was the most abundant (177) and Apini with (100). These Meliponines were distributed in 11 genera, being Plebia the most predominant (118) and Apis with (100); distributed in 18 species of bees, where 7 belonged to Meliponini. Plot 2 was the one with the highest individual number (N = 80); The collection method that presented the greatest effectiveness was the plate trap with (137). The month that presented the highest incidence of bees was May with (N = 90). Plot 1 obtained the highest species richness, specific richness, number of rare species; On the other hand, the greatest dominance was found in plot 2 and the most abundant species were found in plot 4. The prevalence of P. frontalis over the other species of bees found is related to the presence of a nest. In which the body size, flight ranges and recruitment behavior of this species caused the highest incidence in the samplings carried out. The highest species richness was obtained in plot 2, this was due to the proximity of coffee cultivation and the dominance of species observed in said plot. Which is linked to the existence of a very close nest, flight ranges, recruitment behavior.
Descripción
638.12 L925d
Palabras clave
ABEJAS SIN AGUIJÓN, APIDAE MELIPONINAE, ATENAS (ALAJUELA), COSTA RICA, BEES WITHOUT STICK