Vainilla en Costa Rica: de la siembra al cultivo
Fecha
2019-10-26
Autores
Paniagua Vásquez, Amelia
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales
Resumen
La vainilla califica como un producto no maderable del bosque. Cuando los precios internacionales se elevaron, y la producción mundial disminuyó, los compradores volvieron los ojos a este pequeño país. Se iniciaron estudios para determinar la diversidad genética que esta especie presenta, y se han encontrado especímenes de las especies productoras en estado silvestre, además de una que fue introducida y ampliamente aceptada, por sus características organolépticas y de resistencia a enfermedades principalmente.
El área de siembra es relativamente baja, porque actualmente no es actividad principal para el productor; con cantidades que can de 250 a 1500 plantas. Esto debido a que la mayoría están iniciando y deben conocer el cultivo, de ahí que se les brinda desde la Universidad Nacional capacitaciones y acompañamientos durante todo el proceso. Se ha hecho investigaciones por medio de tesis de grado y posgrado en las diferentes universidades públicas y en algunas privadas. Con la producción obtenida hasta ahora se ha logrado mantener una calidad en el producto, que ha hecho a los compradores venir directamente al lugar para una transacción directa. Se están probando diferentes tipos de curado, para lograr optimizar la técnica. Se cuenta con las Normas Técnicas Nacionales de Calidad, y la certificación orgánica de grupos organizados. Por eso lo primero que se formó en el país fue la ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE VAINILLEROS UNIDOS (APROVAINILLA), de esta forma se les brinda la capacitación y el acompañamiento en las diferentes regiones del país, demostrando que unidos se pueden alcanzar beneficios económicos, ambientales y sociales. El precio de la vainilla a nivel mundial ha experimentado grandes fluctuaciones, debido a los intermediarios, en este país se ha logrado minimizar este eslabón en la cadena de comercialización, por medio de la venta directa. Aunque en número son pocos productores con poca producción de vainilla, se puede sintetizar que vainilla producida es vainilla vendida.
Vanilla qualifies as a non-timber forest product. When international prices rose and world production declined, buyers turned their eyes to this small country. Studies were initiated to determine the genetic diversity of this species, and specimens of the producing species have been found in the wild, as well as one that was introduced and widely accepted, mainly for its organoleptic characteristics and resistance to disease. The planting area is relatively low, because it is not currently the main activity for the producer, with quantities ranging from 250 to 1500 plants. This is due to the fact that most of them are just starting out and need to learn about the crop, which is why the National University provides them with training and accompaniment throughout the process. Research has been done through graduate and postgraduate theses in different public and some private universities. With the production obtained so far, the quality of the product has been maintained, which has made buyers come directly to the site for a direct transaction. Different types of curing are being tested to optimize the technique. We have the National Technical Quality Standards and the organic certification of organized groups. That is why the first thing that was formed in the country was the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED VANILLA GROWERS (APROVAINILLA), thus providing them with training and support in different regions of the country, demonstrating that together they can achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. The price of vanilla worldwide has fluctuated greatly due to intermediaries; in this country, this link in the commercialization chain has been minimized through direct sales. Although there are few producers with little vanilla production, it can be summarized that vanilla produced is vanilla sold.
Vanilla qualifies as a non-timber forest product. When international prices rose and world production declined, buyers turned their eyes to this small country. Studies were initiated to determine the genetic diversity of this species, and specimens of the producing species have been found in the wild, as well as one that was introduced and widely accepted, mainly for its organoleptic characteristics and resistance to disease. The planting area is relatively low, because it is not currently the main activity for the producer, with quantities ranging from 250 to 1500 plants. This is due to the fact that most of them are just starting out and need to learn about the crop, which is why the National University provides them with training and accompaniment throughout the process. Research has been done through graduate and postgraduate theses in different public and some private universities. With the production obtained so far, the quality of the product has been maintained, which has made buyers come directly to the site for a direct transaction. Different types of curing are being tested to optimize the technique. We have the National Technical Quality Standards and the organic certification of organized groups. That is why the first thing that was formed in the country was the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED VANILLA GROWERS (APROVAINILLA), thus providing them with training and support in different regions of the country, demonstrating that together they can achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. The price of vanilla worldwide has fluctuated greatly due to intermediaries; in this country, this link in the commercialization chain has been minimized through direct sales. Although there are few producers with little vanilla production, it can be summarized that vanilla produced is vanilla sold.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AGRONOMÍA, AGRONOMY, COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE VAINILLA, VANILLA COMMERCIALIZATION, COSTA RICA, CULTIVO, CULTIVATION, PRODUCCIÓN DE VAINILLA, VANILLA PRODUCTION, VAINILLA, VAINILLA COSTARRICENSE, COSTA RICAN VANILLA, VANILLA PLANIFOLIA, VANILLA POMPONA
Citación
Paniagua Vásquez, A. (2019). Vainilla en Costa Rica: de la siembra al cultivo. Congreso Internacional Vainilla 2019. Congreso llevado a cabo en Adjuntas, Puerto Rico