Asignación de recursos a la educación en América Latina: propuesta de un método integrado para su estudio. (SDT 004-2002)
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Fecha
2002-06
Autores
Esquivel Villegas, Francisco
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Editor
Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE)
Resumen
El análisis del financiamiento público de la educación ha adquirido gran relevancia desde la década del noventa debido a la consolidación del enfoque de desarrollo humano, que ha emergido como el fundamento de nuevas estrategias de reorganización económica y social. Al respecto, en este artículo se presenta una propuesta metodológica para realizar el estudio del financiamiento educativo mediante la integración de aspectos macro y microeconómicos. En la dimensión macroeconómica debe considerarse la influencia del entorno del ingreso nacional y del contexto fiscal. En la dimensión microeconómica es necesario analizar el grado de aprovechamiento de los recursos públicos asignados al sector educación. El enfoque propuesto sugiere la existencia de dos vías para mejorar el financiamiento educativo: una extensiva y otra intensiva. La primera es resultado del incremento de los recursos públicos derivado del crecimiento económico. Se trata de una opción pasiva, desde la perspectiva de la inversión en capital humano, ya que mantiene inalterados los aspectos macro y macroeconómicos que afectan el financiamiento de la educación. La vía intensiva, por el contrario, actúa conscientemente sobre estos factores, buscando un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos asignados a la educación, ya sea mediante un incremento de la prioridad del sector o a través del aumento de la productividad del recurso humano. Se concluye que es necesario definir estrategias de financiamiento de la educación combinando ambas vías; el debilitamiento de alguna de éstas reduce las posibilidades de fortalecimiento del proceso.
The analysis of the public financing of the education has acquired great relevance from the Nineties due to the consolidation of the approach of human development that has emerged like the foundation of new strategies of economic and social reorganization. On the matter, in this article a methodological proposal is presented to make the study of the educative financing by means of the integration of micro and macro economics aspects. In the macroeconomic dimension the influence of the national income and the fiscal context must be considered. In the microeconomic dimension it is necessary to analyze the degree of advantage of the public resources assigned to the education sector. The proposed approach suggests the existence of two ways to improve the educative financing: extensive and intensive. The first one is the result of the increase of the public resources derived from the economic growth. This is a passive option, from the perspective of the investment in human capital, maintains inalterable the macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects that affect the financing of the education. The intensive way, on the contrary, consciously acts on these factors, looking for a better advantage of the assigned resources to the education, whether increasing the priority of the sector or through the increase of the productivity of the human resource. This document concludes that it is necessary to define strategies of financing of the education being combined both ways.
The analysis of the public financing of the education has acquired great relevance from the Nineties due to the consolidation of the approach of human development that has emerged like the foundation of new strategies of economic and social reorganization. On the matter, in this article a methodological proposal is presented to make the study of the educative financing by means of the integration of micro and macro economics aspects. In the macroeconomic dimension the influence of the national income and the fiscal context must be considered. In the microeconomic dimension it is necessary to analyze the degree of advantage of the public resources assigned to the education sector. The proposed approach suggests the existence of two ways to improve the educative financing: extensive and intensive. The first one is the result of the increase of the public resources derived from the economic growth. This is a passive option, from the perspective of the investment in human capital, maintains inalterable the macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects that affect the financing of the education. The intensive way, on the contrary, consciously acts on these factors, looking for a better advantage of the assigned resources to the education, whether increasing the priority of the sector or through the increase of the productivity of the human resource. This document concludes that it is necessary to define strategies of financing of the education being combined both ways.