El comercio internacional un instrumento para alcanzar el desarrollo de Costa Rica
Fecha
2013-02-08
Autores
Parada Gómez, Alvaro Martín
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El comercio internacional es un instrumento para la consecución del económico en los países subdesarrollados. En Costa Rica las ventajas del libre comercio están asociadas a la generación de exportaciones, así como a la mayor producción y generación de nuevas oportunidades de empleo en comparación con las fuentes tradicionales. No obstante, persisten desventajas asociadas al tamaño del país, la presencia de imperfecciones de mercado, las fuertes distorsiones causadas por la intervención estatal por la excesiva regulación, entre otras causas. El propósito es explicar las ventajas y desventajas que tienen las empresas y los sectores productivos para competir en el comercio internacional y sugerir lineamientos estratégicos que fortalezcan la posición de las empresas en el mercado internacional. Las dos principales interrogantes que orientan este trabajo son: ¿cuáles obstáculos enfrentan las empresas de países en desarrollo como Costa Rica para posicionarse exitosamente en los mercados internacionales?, y ¿cuál estrategia podría seguir Costa Rica para competir adecuadamente en esos mercados? La principal conclusión es que los tratados de libre comercio son instrumentos para la consecución del desarrollo económico y, por tanto, no es adecuado poner todos los esfuerzos en ellos como única fuente de superación de las múltiples necesidades sociales y económicas que experimentan las economías en desarrollo. Con seguridad, se requerirá formular políticas adicionales en el campo de la infraestructura, tecnología, salud, educación, entre otros, para posicionar mejor al país en los mercados internacionales.
International trade is an instrument for achieving the economic in underdeveloped countries. In Costa Rica, the advantages of free trade are associated with the generation of exports, as well as with greater production and the generation of new employment opportunities compared to traditional sources. However, disadvantages associated with the size of the country persist, the presence of market imperfections, the strong distortions caused by state intervention due to excessive regulation, among other causes. The purpose is to explain the advantages and disadvantages that companies and productive sectors have to compete in international trade and to suggest strategic guidelines that strengthen the position of companies in the international market. The two main questions that guide this work are: what obstacles do companies in developing countries like Costa Rica face to successfully position themselves in international markets? and what strategy could Costa Rica follow to compete adequately in those markets? The main conclusion is that free trade agreements are instruments to achieve economic development and, therefore, it is not appropriate to put all efforts into them as the only source of overcoming the multiple social and economic needs experienced by developing economies. Certainly, it will be necessary to formulate additional policies in the field of infrastructure, technology, health, education, among others, to better position the country in international markets.
International trade is an instrument for achieving the economic in underdeveloped countries. In Costa Rica, the advantages of free trade are associated with the generation of exports, as well as with greater production and the generation of new employment opportunities compared to traditional sources. However, disadvantages associated with the size of the country persist, the presence of market imperfections, the strong distortions caused by state intervention due to excessive regulation, among other causes. The purpose is to explain the advantages and disadvantages that companies and productive sectors have to compete in international trade and to suggest strategic guidelines that strengthen the position of companies in the international market. The two main questions that guide this work are: what obstacles do companies in developing countries like Costa Rica face to successfully position themselves in international markets? and what strategy could Costa Rica follow to compete adequately in those markets? The main conclusion is that free trade agreements are instruments to achieve economic development and, therefore, it is not appropriate to put all efforts into them as the only source of overcoming the multiple social and economic needs experienced by developing economies. Certainly, it will be necessary to formulate additional policies in the field of infrastructure, technology, health, education, among others, to better position the country in international markets.
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Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, TLC, DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LIBRE COMERCIO, FREE TRADE