Monitoreo de la concentración de SO2 en el aire y características físicoquímicas del agua de lluvia en el Volcán Irazú
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Fecha
2021-10
Autores
Chaves , Kevin David
Sibaja, José
Pérez López, Esteban
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Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Resumen
El dióxido de azufre y otros contaminantes químicos pueden llegar a la naturaleza y el ambiente por medio de la actividad volcánica. Debido a esto, en Costa Rica, las zonas cercanas a los volcanes se encuentran afectadas con estos contaminantes. Por ello, se realizó un monitoreo de la concentración del dióxido de azufre en aire, y la determinación del pH y la concentración de fluoruro, cloruro, bromuro, fosfato y sulfato en agua de lluvia en el Volcán Irazú, en el 2019. Inicialmente se evaluaron los parámetros de desempeño analítico: linealidad, repetibilidad, precisión intermedia, límite de detección y cuantificación en el método empleado. Se utilizaron
muestreadores o recolectores húmedos especiales en puntos específicos de la zona, luego las
muestras fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de Química de la Atmósfera (LAQAT), donde se
determinó por medio de cromatografía de iones la concentración de los aniones en agua. El pH
fue determinado con un pH-metro calibrado. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el dióxido
de azufre no sobrepasa los límites permitidos. Además, los resultados de pH de las muestras
de agua de lluvia (3,55 a 5,33) indican presencia de lluvia ácida en las zonas cercanas al
cráter del Volcán, por lo que, para utilizarla se debe efectuar un tratamiento que disminuya la
acidez. Así mismo, los resultados de los aniones en el agua de lluvia presentaron valores bajos
(menores a 6,58 mg/l), además, no fue posible detectar bromuro y fosfato en las muestras. La
concentración de dióxido de azufre presente no se considera perjudicial para la salud de los
visitantes y para los trabajadores de la zona.
Sulfur dioxide and other chemical pollutants can reach nature and the environment through volcanic activity. Due to this, in Costa Rica, the areas near the volcanoes are affected with these pollutants. Therefore, a monitoring of the concentration of sulfur dioxide in air was carried out, and the determination of the pH and concentration of fluoride, chloride, bromide, phosphate and sulfate in rainwater at the Irazú Volcano, in 2019. Initially, Analytical performance parameters were evaluated: linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, limit of detection and quantification in the method used. Special wet samplers or collectors were used at specific points in the area, then the samples were analyzed in the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAQAT), where the concentration of the anions in water was determined by means of ion chromatography. The pH was determined with a calibrated pH-meter. The results obtained indicate that the sulfur dioxide does not exceed the permitted limits. In addition, the pH results of the rainwater samples (3.55 to 5.33) indicate the presence of acid rain in the areas near the crater of the volcano, therefore, to use it, a treatment that reduces the acidity. Likewise, the results of the anions in the rainwater presented low values (less than 6.58 mg / l), in addition, it was not possible to detect bromide and phosphate in the samples. The concentration of sulfur dioxide present is not considered detrimental to the health of visitors and workers in the area.
Sulfur dioxide and other chemical pollutants can reach nature and the environment through volcanic activity. Due to this, in Costa Rica, the areas near the volcanoes are affected with these pollutants. Therefore, a monitoring of the concentration of sulfur dioxide in air was carried out, and the determination of the pH and concentration of fluoride, chloride, bromide, phosphate and sulfate in rainwater at the Irazú Volcano, in 2019. Initially, Analytical performance parameters were evaluated: linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, limit of detection and quantification in the method used. Special wet samplers or collectors were used at specific points in the area, then the samples were analyzed in the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAQAT), where the concentration of the anions in water was determined by means of ion chromatography. The pH was determined with a calibrated pH-meter. The results obtained indicate that the sulfur dioxide does not exceed the permitted limits. In addition, the pH results of the rainwater samples (3.55 to 5.33) indicate the presence of acid rain in the areas near the crater of the volcano, therefore, to use it, a treatment that reduces the acidity. Likewise, the results of the anions in the rainwater presented low values (less than 6.58 mg / l), in addition, it was not possible to detect bromide and phosphate in the samples. The concentration of sulfur dioxide present is not considered detrimental to the health of visitors and workers in the area.
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Palabras clave
CROMATOGRAFÍA, CHROMATOGRAPHY, AGUA, LLUVIA, VOLCANES, ANALISIS DEL AGUA, CONTAMINACION, RESIDUOS, IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, LLUVIA ÁCIDA, VOLCÁN IRAZÚ (COSTA RICA), WATER, ACID RAIN, QUÍMICA ATMÓSFERICA