Características químicas y físicas del agua de las nubes y del agua de lluvia en la Reserva Del Bosque Nuboso Monteverde, Costa Rica
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Fecha
2016
Autores
Bolaños Mora, Rebeca
Sibaja-Brenes, José Pablo
Mora-Barrantes, José Carlos
Esquivel-Hernández, Germain
Alfaro Solís, Rosa
Valdés-González, Juan
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Asociación Química Argentina (Argentina)
Resumen
Se determinaron parámetros físico-químicos y la composición del agua de lluvia y de la niebla en la Reserva Bosque Nuboso Monteverde, Costa Rica (10° 17,831 Norte; 84° 47,001 Oeste), desde julio hasta setiembre del 2011. Las muestras de agua de niebla se recolectaron utilizando un muestreador de niebla con líneas de nylon y para la recolección del agua de lluvia se utilizó un muestreador en cascada. Las concentraciones de los aniones y los cationes en las muestras de niebla fueron generalmente dos veces más altas que las presentes en el agua de lluvia. El pH promedio para las muestras de agua de lluvia fue de 5,21 ± 0,01 y del agua de niebla de 4,65 ± 0,01, lo que indicó que la precipitación fue ácida. En las muestras de agua de lluvia y de niebla se observó el predominio del anión sulfato, encontrándose en el total de las muestras analizadas y presentando las concentraciones más altas con respecto a los otros aniones analizados. Al analizar la relación de las concentraciones de los aniones y los cationes presentes en las muestras, se observó principalmente influencia marítima y posibles emisiones desde los suelos. La estación meteorológica colocada en el punto de muestreo, durante el periodo de estudio, mostró que la dirección predominante del viento, en un 78 % fue desde el este-noreste, ya que los vientos alisios ingresaron por el noreste desde el mar Caribe hacia el Océano Pacífico, de manera que las masas de aire predominantes ejercieron una influencia sobre las características físicas y químicas del agua de lluvia y de la niebla.
Physico-chemical parameters and the composition of rainwater and fog were determined in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica (10° 17,831 North; 84° 47,001 West), from July to September 2011. Water samples from Fog were collected using a fog sampler with nylon lines and a cascade sampler was used to collect rainwater. The concentrations of anions and cations in fog samples were generally twice as high as those present in rainwater. The average pH for rainwater samples was 5.21 ± 0.01 and for fog water was 4.65 ± 0.01, which indicated that the precipitation was acidic. In the rainwater and fog water samples, the predominance of the sulfate anion was observed, being found in all the samples analyzed and presenting the highest concentrations with respect to the other anions analyzed. When analyzing the relationship between the concentrations of anions and cations present in the samples, maritime influence and possible emissions from soils were mainly observed. The meteorological station placed at the sampling point, during the study period, showed that the predominant direction of the wind, 78%, was from the east-northeast, since the trade winds entered from the northeast from the Caribbean Sea towards the Pacific Ocean, so that the predominant air masses exerted an influence on the physical and chemical characteristics of rainwater and fog.
Physico-chemical parameters and the composition of rainwater and fog were determined in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica (10° 17,831 North; 84° 47,001 West), from July to September 2011. Water samples from Fog were collected using a fog sampler with nylon lines and a cascade sampler was used to collect rainwater. The concentrations of anions and cations in fog samples were generally twice as high as those present in rainwater. The average pH for rainwater samples was 5.21 ± 0.01 and for fog water was 4.65 ± 0.01, which indicated that the precipitation was acidic. In the rainwater and fog water samples, the predominance of the sulfate anion was observed, being found in all the samples analyzed and presenting the highest concentrations with respect to the other anions analyzed. When analyzing the relationship between the concentrations of anions and cations present in the samples, maritime influence and possible emissions from soils were mainly observed. The meteorological station placed at the sampling point, during the study period, showed that the predominant direction of the wind, 78%, was from the east-northeast, since the trade winds entered from the northeast from the Caribbean Sea towards the Pacific Ocean, so that the predominant air masses exerted an influence on the physical and chemical characteristics of rainwater and fog.
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CARACTERÍSTICAS, QUÍMICAS, FÍSICAS, AGUA DE LAS NUBES, AGUA DE LLUVIA, RESERVA DEL BOSQUE NUBOSO MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA, CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, CLOUD WATER, RAINWATER