Agroquímicos y otros peligros contaminantes en la microcuenca Potrero–Caimital, en Guanacaste, Costa Rica: un estudio con productores y pobladores
Fecha
2020
Autores
Rodríguez Quirós, Rigoberto
Zúñiga Sánchez, Julissa
Moreno Chavarría, Luis Alejandro
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ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La contaminación de las aguas de consumo humano por agroquímicos y otros
elementos puede producir graves efectos en la salud humana y en el ambiente.
La microcuenca Potrero–Caimital en Guanacaste, Costa Rica, abastece de agua a
gran parte de los cantones de Nicoya y Hojancha. Por lo tanto, es necesario contar
con información referente al impacto que las prácticas productivas pueden estar
generando en este ecosistema. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el uso de
agroquímicos por parte de productores de la microcuenca, así como identificar
los posibles peligros de contaminación. Para ello, se aplicó un instrumento tipo
cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, con el fin de recolectar información,
en seis comunidades aledañas a la microcuenca. Paralelamente, se realizaron visitas
de reconocimiento con funcionarios de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica y otras
instituciones públicas. Los resultados indican que la utilización de agroquímicos
puede significar un riesgo, ya que, en ocasiones, se preparan en zonas muy cercanas
a los cauces de agua. De igual manera, hay desconocimiento en cuanto a la forma
de utilización, lo que crea peligro de contaminación y de afectación a los usuarios.
Se concluye que se requiere capacitación de los productores en temas como
cantidades, dosis, forma de aplicación, manera de limpiar equipos y desecho de
envases agroquímicos.
Water pollution by agrochemicals and other elements are of concern, as it can have important effects on human health and the environment. Potrero–Caimital microbasin in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, supplies water to a large part of Nicoya and Hojancha communities. Therefore, it is necessary to have information about the impact of the productive practices on its waters. This study aims to analyze agrochemical utilization by farmers of the microbasin, as well as to identify other possible contamination hazards. To this end, an instrument was applied in six surrounding communities. At the same time, field visits were made with officials from the National University of Costa Rica and other public institutions. The results indicate that agrochemical utilization can mean risk, since sometimes they are prepared near water channels. Similarly, there is lack of knowledge regarding its use, which creates a danger of contamination and affectation of users. The paper concludes that training is required by farmers on issues such as quantities, dosage, form of application, way of cleaning equipment and disposal of packaging of agrochemicals.
Water pollution by agrochemicals and other elements are of concern, as it can have important effects on human health and the environment. Potrero–Caimital microbasin in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, supplies water to a large part of Nicoya and Hojancha communities. Therefore, it is necessary to have information about the impact of the productive practices on its waters. This study aims to analyze agrochemical utilization by farmers of the microbasin, as well as to identify other possible contamination hazards. To this end, an instrument was applied in six surrounding communities. At the same time, field visits were made with officials from the National University of Costa Rica and other public institutions. The results indicate that agrochemical utilization can mean risk, since sometimes they are prepared near water channels. Similarly, there is lack of knowledge regarding its use, which creates a danger of contamination and affectation of users. The paper concludes that training is required by farmers on issues such as quantities, dosage, form of application, way of cleaning equipment and disposal of packaging of agrochemicals.
Descripción
Palabras clave
RIESGO, CONTAMINACIÓN, RISK, POLLUTION, CUENCAS HIDROGRÁFICAS, AGROQUÍMICOS, GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), CONTAMINANTES DEL AGUA, RIVER BASINS, AGROCHEMICALS, WATER POLLUTANTS