Emisiones de óxido nitroso y metano en pasturas activas en la zona de vida bosque húmedo tropical en Costa Rica
Fecha
2023-03
Autores
Arce-Rodríguez, Katherine
Sibaja, José
Ramírez-Amador, Sergio
Vega-Fonseca, Andrés
Tobar-López, Diego
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Editor
Universidad del Cauca. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Resumen
El manejo activo de los pastos incide en la productividad animal y en los procesos biogeoquímicos del suelo, el ciclaje de nutriente, donde la gestión de los pastos es un factor relevante para mantener estos procesos biogeoquímicos, productividad y el flujo de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue evaluar las emisiones de GEI provenientes de tres tipos de fertilizantes (convencional, urea+inhibidor y biofertilizante) empleados para el mantenimiento de pasturas en la producción lechera en el trópico húmedo de Costa Rica, con el fin de identificar medidas de mitigación que contribuyan a la reducción de emisiones de GEI en el sector agropecuario y a la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada (CND) de Costa Rica. El diseño experimental correspondió a un diseño en bloques completamente aleatorizado, donde con tres repeticiones por tratamiento (control,
biofertilizante, urea+inhibidor y fertilizante convencional), el total de muestras correspondió a 497 muestras, durando el periodo de 81 días. La medición de las cantidades de metano (CH4), óxido nitroso (N2O) y el análisis de contenido de carbono y nitrógeno se realizó a una profundidad de -10 cm para tomar la muestra de suelo y ser analizadas mediante un método instrumental de oxidación seca. Los promedios de estas mediciones fueron: 0,104 mgN2O N/m2/día y 0,037 mgCH4-C/m2/día. Las emisiones de los GEI durante el monitoreo estuvieron influenciadas por procesos de metanogénesis, desnitrificación, nitrificación y respiración. Además, el biofertilizante (biol) fue el fertilizante que presentó las menores emisiones de GEI considerando también las concentraciones de Carbono y Nitrógeno en el suelo.
The active management of pastures affects animal productivity and soil biogeochemical processes of the soil, nutrient cycling, where pastures management is a relevant factor to maintain these biogeochemical processes, productivity, and the flow of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Greenhouse (GHG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the GHG emissions from three types of fertilizers (conventional, urea and biofertilizer) used for the maintenance of pastures in dairy production in the humid tropics of Costa Rica, in order to identify measures of mitigation that contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions in the agricultural sector and that contribute to the NDC of the country. The experimental design corresponds to a completely randomized block design, where with three repetitions per treatment (Control, Biofertilizer, Urea and Conventional Fertilizer), the total of samples corresponds to 497 samples, during a period of 81 days. Measurement of the amounts of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The analysis of the Carbon and Nitrogen content was performed at a depth of -10 cm to take the soil sample and analyze it by means of an instrumental method of dry oxidation. The mean values of these measurements were as follows: 0,104 mgN2O-N/ m2/day and 0,037 mgCH4-C/m2/day. GHG emissions during monitoring were influenced by processes of methanogenesis, denitrification, nitrification and respiration. The biofertilizer (biol) presented the lowest GHG emissions given considering the concentrations of Carbon and Nitrogen in the soil.
The active management of pastures affects animal productivity and soil biogeochemical processes of the soil, nutrient cycling, where pastures management is a relevant factor to maintain these biogeochemical processes, productivity, and the flow of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Greenhouse (GHG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the GHG emissions from three types of fertilizers (conventional, urea and biofertilizer) used for the maintenance of pastures in dairy production in the humid tropics of Costa Rica, in order to identify measures of mitigation that contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions in the agricultural sector and that contribute to the NDC of the country. The experimental design corresponds to a completely randomized block design, where with three repetitions per treatment (Control, Biofertilizer, Urea and Conventional Fertilizer), the total of samples corresponds to 497 samples, during a period of 81 days. Measurement of the amounts of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The analysis of the Carbon and Nitrogen content was performed at a depth of -10 cm to take the soil sample and analyze it by means of an instrumental method of dry oxidation. The mean values of these measurements were as follows: 0,104 mgN2O-N/ m2/day and 0,037 mgCH4-C/m2/day. GHG emissions during monitoring were influenced by processes of methanogenesis, denitrification, nitrification and respiration. The biofertilizer (biol) presented the lowest GHG emissions given considering the concentrations of Carbon and Nitrogen in the soil.
Descripción
Palabras clave
METANO, FERTILIZANTES, GANADERÍA, PASTOS, PASTOREO, EFECTO INVERNADERO, GANADO BOVINO, PRODUCCIÓN AGROPECUARIA, SUELOS, ABONOS NITROGENADOS, FERTILIZERS, NITROUS OXIDE, PASTURES, TROPIC