Mapas de dispersión de gases y de partículas: Un insumo que permite alertar a la población en caso de actividad de los volcanes Poás, Turrialba y Rincón de la Vieja
Archivos
Fecha
2022
Autores
Sibaja Brenes, José Pablo
Alfaro Solís, Rosa
Godfrey, Ian
Martínez Cruz, María
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) (Perú)
Resumen
En
Costa Rica, la actividad volcánica se distribuye a 3 conos principales Poás, Turrialba y
Rincón de la Vieja, por a través de la emisión de gases y ceniza Las emisiones gaseosas
suelen tener una liberación de varias sustancias que pueden generar una afectación a la
población (en función del tipo de sustancia, la concentración y el tiempo de exposición),
a saber vapor de agua (H 2 O), dióxido de azufre (SO 2 dióxido de carbono (CO 2 sulfuro
de hidrógeno (H 2 S), hidrógeno (H 2 monóxido de carbono ( radón ( y helio (
y de especies ácidas como el fluoruro de hidrógeno ( y el cloruro de hidrógeno (
el ácido nítrico (HNO 3 y el ácido sulfúrico (H 2 SO 4 ))(Baxter y Horwell 2015 Williams
Jones y Rymer 2015 El 18 de mayo del 2015 se dio una erupción fuerte por el volcán
Turrialba, en donde se formó una columna de más de 3 km de altura, y se dispersó hacia
el Valle Central, generando problemas de salud, de visibilidad y tránsito aéreo (Figura 1
El Aeropuerto Internacional Juan Santamaría (a 49 km del del volcán Turrialba) tuvo un
cierre repentino debido a la cantidad de ceniza que había suspendida en el aire y
precipitada en la pista de aterrizaje. El
país mostró no tener un una respuesta para alertar a la población y a las instituciones
sobre la caída de ceniza y gases azufrados A partir de esta situación, una serie de
instituciones se unieron para construir una estrategia de organización, con el objetivo de
contar con los parámetros necesarios para la toma de decisiones en el momento en que
se dé una erupción volcánica por parte de alguno de los focos volc ánicos En las
reuniones participaron La Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de
Emergencias ( el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional ( Dirección General de
Aviación Civil ( y la Universidad Nacional ( La UNA estuvo representada por
el Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica ( y por el
Laboratorio de Química de la Atmósfera (LAQAT UNA), quienes mostraron la iniciativa de
realizar el modelaje de las emisiones volcánicas por medio del programa computacional
AERMOD para calcular el alcance de una emisión.
In Costa Rica, volcanic activity is distributed to 3 main cones Poás, Turrialba and Rincón de la Vieja, through the emission of gases and ash Gaseous emissions They usually have a release of various substances that can affect the population (depending on the type of substance, concentration and exposure time), namely water vapor (H 2 O), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 carbon dioxide (CO 2 sulfide of hydrogen (H 2 S), hydrogen (H 2 carbon monoxide ( radon ( and helium ( and acidic species such as hydrogen fluoride ( and hydrogen chloride ( nitric acid (HNO 3 and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ))(Baxter and Horwell 2015 Williams Jones and Rymer 2015 On May 18, 2015, a strong eruption occurred from the volcano Turrialba, where a column more than 3 km high was formed and dispersed towards the Central Valley, generating health, visibility and air traffic problems (Figure 1 The Juan Santamaría International Airport (49 km from the Turrialba volcano) had a sudden closure due to the amount of ash that was suspended in the air and rushed onto the landing strip. He country showed that it did not have a response to alert the population and institutions on the fall of ash and sulfur gases From this situation, a series of institutions came together to build an organizational strategy, with the objective of have the necessary parameters for decision-making at the moment in which a volcanic eruption occurs from one of the volcanic centers In the meetings participated The National Commission for Risk Prevention and Health Care Emergencies (the National Meteorological Institute (General Directorate of Civil Aviation (and the National University (UNA was represented by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (and by the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAQAT UNA), who showed the initiative of carry out the modeling of volcanic emissions through the computer program AERMOD to calculate the scope of an emission.
In Costa Rica, volcanic activity is distributed to 3 main cones Poás, Turrialba and Rincón de la Vieja, through the emission of gases and ash Gaseous emissions They usually have a release of various substances that can affect the population (depending on the type of substance, concentration and exposure time), namely water vapor (H 2 O), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 carbon dioxide (CO 2 sulfide of hydrogen (H 2 S), hydrogen (H 2 carbon monoxide ( radon ( and helium ( and acidic species such as hydrogen fluoride ( and hydrogen chloride ( nitric acid (HNO 3 and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ))(Baxter and Horwell 2015 Williams Jones and Rymer 2015 On May 18, 2015, a strong eruption occurred from the volcano Turrialba, where a column more than 3 km high was formed and dispersed towards the Central Valley, generating health, visibility and air traffic problems (Figure 1 The Juan Santamaría International Airport (49 km from the Turrialba volcano) had a sudden closure due to the amount of ash that was suspended in the air and rushed onto the landing strip. He country showed that it did not have a response to alert the population and institutions on the fall of ash and sulfur gases From this situation, a series of institutions came together to build an organizational strategy, with the objective of have the necessary parameters for decision-making at the moment in which a volcanic eruption occurs from one of the volcanic centers In the meetings participated The National Commission for Risk Prevention and Health Care Emergencies (the National Meteorological Institute (General Directorate of Civil Aviation (and the National University (UNA was represented by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (and by the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAQAT UNA), who showed the initiative of carry out the modeling of volcanic emissions through the computer program AERMOD to calculate the scope of an emission.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MAPAS, DISPERSIÓN, GASES, PARTÍCULAS, ACTIVIDAD VOLCÁNICA, VOLCÁN POÁS, VOLCÁN TURRIALBA, VOLCÁN RINCÓN DE LA VIEJA, MAPS, PARTICLES, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY