La UNA en sus inicios: sentando las bases de la “universidad necesaria”, 1973-1985
Fecha
2024
Autores
Zúñiga Arias, Ana Yolanda
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Editor
Editorial Universidad Nacional
Resumen
El surgimiento de una institución educativa en un país sin lugar a duda viene a marcar un hito en su historia y, cuando se trata de una universidad pública, representa la culminación de un proceso que se inició desde las primeras acciones de los gobernantes del país en materia educativa, primero dando énfasis a la educación primaria durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del siglo XX, seguido del impulso a la educación secundaria durante el siglo XX. En el caso de la educación universitaria, la historia ha sido más pausada primero con la Universidad de Santo Tomás en 1843, luego la creación de la Escuela Normal en 1914, para la preparación de educadores y en 1943 se creó la Universidad de Costa Rica. El contexto económico, social y político de Costa Rica de la Segunda República permitió el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza secundaria en el país y el surgimiento de la educación técnica. En la década de los setenta, el país experimentó un salto cualitativo en cuanto a la educación superior y se llevó a la Asamblea Legislativa proyectos de ley que culminaron con la creación de tres instituciones de enseñanza superior que venían a atender las necesidades del contexto. Primero se fundó el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) en 1972, seguidamente la Universidad Nacional (UNA) en 1973 y finalmente la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) en 1977. La historia de las instituciones de educación superior en el país es corta, puesto que la universidad de más larga data se acerca apenas a los ochenta años, por lo que, comparado con estas instituciones en el mundo y en América, son universidades nacientes. En el caso de la Universidad Nacional, esta se aproxima a cumplir 50 años, es decir, medio siglo, sin embargo, ha tenido una trayectoria de transformaciones desde su gestión, espacio geográfico, población estudiantil, oferta académica, personal docente e impacto social en el territorio nacional y más allá de sus fronteras. En este capítulo se intentó trazar el nacimiento y los primeros pasos de esta casa de estudios, iniciando con la Comisión Ad Hoc, que tuvo la encomiable tarea de organizar y dar forma a aquel proyecto legislativo que con tanto entusiasmo se formuló y defendió. Seguidamente se particularizó en los retos de crear el primer Estatuto Orgánico y el propio gobierno de la UNA y las primeras administraciones electas por la Asamblea Plebiscitaria de la UNA, su impacto en el espacio y en la comunidad herediana, los retos de la regionalización, la oferta académica, la gobernanza, el financiamiento, la infraestructura, el estudiantado, la formación docente y la organización interna.
The emergence of an educational institution in a country undoubtedly marks a milestone in its history. In the case of a public university, it represents the culmination of a process that began with the first actions of the country's rulers in the field of education, first emphasizing primary education during the second half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, followed by the push for secondary education during the 20th century. In the case of university education, the history has been more gradual, first with the University of Santo Tomás in 1843, then the creation of the Normal School in 1914 for the training of educators, and in 1943 the University of Costa Rica was established. The economic, social, and political context of Costa Rica during the Second Republic allowed for the strengthening of secondary education in the country and the emergence of technical education. In the 1970s, the country experienced a qualitative leap in higher education, and bills were introduced to the Legislative Assembly, culminating in the creation of three higher education institutions to address the needs of the context. First, the Technological Institute of Costa Rica (ITCR) was founded in 1972, followed by the National University (UNA) in 1973, and finally the State Distance Education University (UNED) in 1977. The history of higher education institutions in the country is short, as the oldest university is barely eighty years old. Therefore, compared to these institutions around the world and in the Americas, they are emerging universities. In the case of the National University, it is approaching its 50th anniversary, or half a century. However, it has undergone a history of transformations in its management, geographic location, student population, academic offerings, faculty, and social impact both nationally and beyond its borders. This chapter attempts to trace the birth and first steps of this institution, beginning with the Ad Hoc Commission, which had the commendable task of organizing and shaping the legislative project that was so enthusiastically formulated and defended. It then focuses on the challenges of creating the first Organic Statute and the UNA's own government, as well as the first administrations elected by the UNA Plebiscitary Assembly, their impact on the university and the Heredia community, the challenges of regionalization, academic offerings, governance, financing, infrastructure, student body, teacher training, and internal organization.
The emergence of an educational institution in a country undoubtedly marks a milestone in its history. In the case of a public university, it represents the culmination of a process that began with the first actions of the country's rulers in the field of education, first emphasizing primary education during the second half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, followed by the push for secondary education during the 20th century. In the case of university education, the history has been more gradual, first with the University of Santo Tomás in 1843, then the creation of the Normal School in 1914 for the training of educators, and in 1943 the University of Costa Rica was established. The economic, social, and political context of Costa Rica during the Second Republic allowed for the strengthening of secondary education in the country and the emergence of technical education. In the 1970s, the country experienced a qualitative leap in higher education, and bills were introduced to the Legislative Assembly, culminating in the creation of three higher education institutions to address the needs of the context. First, the Technological Institute of Costa Rica (ITCR) was founded in 1972, followed by the National University (UNA) in 1973, and finally the State Distance Education University (UNED) in 1977. The history of higher education institutions in the country is short, as the oldest university is barely eighty years old. Therefore, compared to these institutions around the world and in the Americas, they are emerging universities. In the case of the National University, it is approaching its 50th anniversary, or half a century. However, it has undergone a history of transformations in its management, geographic location, student population, academic offerings, faculty, and social impact both nationally and beyond its borders. This chapter attempts to trace the birth and first steps of this institution, beginning with the Ad Hoc Commission, which had the commendable task of organizing and shaping the legislative project that was so enthusiastically formulated and defended. It then focuses on the challenges of creating the first Organic Statute and the UNA's own government, as well as the first administrations elected by the UNA Plebiscitary Assembly, their impact on the university and the Heredia community, the challenges of regionalization, academic offerings, governance, financing, infrastructure, student body, teacher training, and internal organization.
Descripción
Colección de Oro 50 aniversario de la Universidad Nacional
Palabras clave
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL (COSTA RICA), HISTORIA, HISTORY, UNIVERSIDADES, UNIVERSITIES, ADMINISTRADORES DE LA ENSEÑANZA, EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATORS, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, SOCIAL ASPECTS