Perfil nacional de condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud de las personas trabajadoras El Salvador 2015 - 2019
Fecha
2021
Autores
Avilés Flor, Oscar Raúl
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente Perfil de Condiciones de Empleo, Trabajo y Salud de las Personas Trabajadoras El Salvador 2015-2019, nace con la finalidad de actualizar los datos sobre las condiciones laborales de la población salvadoreña. Para ello se utilizaron 13 indicadores clasificados en las dimensiones: condiciones de empleo (3), condiciones de trabajo (4), recursos y actividades preventivas (2), e indicadores en salud (4). Para ello, se consultaron los documentos publicados por las instituciones gubernamentales correspondientes, o recurriendo a las unidades de acceso a la información pública; en su mayoría se reportan los datos de 2015 a 2019 para las edades entre 15 y 64 años. Además, se utilizaron los resultados de la Encuesta Centroamericana sobre Condiciones de Trabajo y Salud de 2011 y 2018.
Se procuró dar a conocer la comparación entre hombres y mujeres por actividad económica. Se encontró que, durante el quinquenio, ha aumentado la población ocupada en El Salvador, habiendo un 30% más de hombres con un empleo remunerado comparado con las mujeres. Además, que poco más de 1.8 millones de esta población no cuenta con cobertura en salud del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social (ISSS), siendo las mujeres quienes también tienen menor acceso a este beneficio. Asimismo, 7 de cada 10 trabajadores perciben estar expuestos a movimientos repetitivos en su lugar de trabajo, un valor elevado que se mantuvo entre 2011 y 2018.
Por otra parte, el Ministerio de Trabajo y Previsión Social (MTPS) reporta cerca de 3 accidentes laborales no mortales por cada 1,000 trabajadores, mientras que el ISSS reporta alrededor de 30 por cada 1,000 trabajadores; un subregistro de información que debe tenerse muy en cuenta para las acciones necesarias en el país. Las lesiones mortales reportan una disminución de 2.5 a 1.8 por cada 100,000 hombres y de 0.5 a 0.1 por cada 100,000 mujeres. Por último, hay un bajo conocimiento de la población sobre las actividades preventivas en materia de riesgos laborales y de la existencia de un Comité de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional en sus lugares de trabajo. Por todo esto, es necesario promover políticas públicas e investigación en salud ocupacional para mejorar las condiciones de los trabajadores.
This Profile of Employment, Work, and Health Conditions of Workers in El Salvador 2015-2019 was created to update data on the working conditions of the Salvadoran population. To this end, 13 indicators were used, classified into the following dimensions: employment conditions (3), working conditions (4), preventive resources and activities (2), and health indicators (4). To this end, documents published by the corresponding government institutions were consulted, or public information access units were consulted; the majority of the data reported are from 2015 to 2019 for ages 15 to 64. In addition, results from the Central American Survey on Working and Health Conditions from 2011 and 2018 were used. The study sought to provide a comparison between men and women by economic activity. It was found that, during the five-year period, the employed population in El Salvador has increased, with 30% more men in paid employment compared to women. Furthermore, just over 1.8 million of this population lacks health coverage through the Salvadoran Social Security Institute (ISSS), with women also having less access to this benefit. Furthermore, 7 out of 10 workers report being exposed to repetitive movements in their workplace, a high rate that remained high between 2011 and 2018. On the other hand, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MTPS) reports approximately 3 non-fatal workplace accidents per 1,000 workers, while the ISSS reports approximately 30 per 1,000 workers; this underreporting of information must be taken into account for necessary actions in the country. Fatal injuries have decreased from 2.5 to 1.8 per 100,000 men and from 0.5 to 0.1 per 100,000 women. Finally, there is little awareness among the population about preventive measures related to occupational hazards and the existence of an Occupational Health and Safety Committee in their workplaces. Therefore, it is necessary to promote public policies and research in occupational health to improve workers' conditions.
This Profile of Employment, Work, and Health Conditions of Workers in El Salvador 2015-2019 was created to update data on the working conditions of the Salvadoran population. To this end, 13 indicators were used, classified into the following dimensions: employment conditions (3), working conditions (4), preventive resources and activities (2), and health indicators (4). To this end, documents published by the corresponding government institutions were consulted, or public information access units were consulted; the majority of the data reported are from 2015 to 2019 for ages 15 to 64. In addition, results from the Central American Survey on Working and Health Conditions from 2011 and 2018 were used. The study sought to provide a comparison between men and women by economic activity. It was found that, during the five-year period, the employed population in El Salvador has increased, with 30% more men in paid employment compared to women. Furthermore, just over 1.8 million of this population lacks health coverage through the Salvadoran Social Security Institute (ISSS), with women also having less access to this benefit. Furthermore, 7 out of 10 workers report being exposed to repetitive movements in their workplace, a high rate that remained high between 2011 and 2018. On the other hand, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MTPS) reports approximately 3 non-fatal workplace accidents per 1,000 workers, while the ISSS reports approximately 30 per 1,000 workers; this underreporting of information must be taken into account for necessary actions in the country. Fatal injuries have decreased from 2.5 to 1.8 per 100,000 men and from 0.5 to 0.1 per 100,000 women. Finally, there is little awareness among the population about preventive measures related to occupational hazards and the existence of an Occupational Health and Safety Committee in their workplaces. Therefore, it is necessary to promote public policies and research in occupational health to improve workers' conditions.
Descripción
Informes técnicos IRET #45, Parte del proyecto FIDA CARGA TÉRMICA 0471-18
Palabras clave
CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO, SALUD OCUPACIONAL, EL SALVADOR, INFORMES, WORKING CONDITIONS, SALUD, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, INFORMATION, HEALTH