Indicadores de eco-eficiencia en el proceso de beneficiado de café en Costa Rica: un análisis comparativo de cambios en el desempeño eco-eficiente en las cooperativas de SUSCOF 1 entre 1997/98 y 2000/01. (SDT 002-2002)
Archivos
Fecha
2002-04
Autores
Furst Weigand, Edgar
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Editor
Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE)
Resumen
El presente estudio pretende analizar el desempeño ambiental en seis cooperativas de café que forman parte del consorcio SUSCOF. Se evalúa el pasado y el futuro de eco-eficiencia en el proceso de beneficiado de café con base en indicadores ambientales. Para esto, se realiza una amplia revisión reflexiva y un replanteamiento propositito con respecto a:
- El debate internacional sobre el tema de la gestión ambiental y los correspondientes indicadores del desempeño eco-eficiente en la línea de trabajo sobre la intensidad de uso y la productividad de recursos;
- La evaluación empírica de cuatro aspectos clave -consumo de leña, uso de electricidad, consumo de agua y carga de desechos líquidos y sólidos - en los seis beneficios bajo estudio, tomando como puntos de referencia los años de cosecha 1997/98 y 2000/2001.
- La determinación de normas para los mismos indicadores ambientales para el año-meta 2005/06, recurriendo para ello a enfoques de evaluación multicriterio y de proyección numérica, respectivamente.
- La validez afirmativa de la información económica-ambiental encontrada en los beneficios y su interpretación adecuada, para poder concluir sostenidamente sobre la situación y el cambio de la eco-eficiencia en el ámbito empresarial, caracterizado por una incipiente contabilidad ambiental y una alta exposición a factores externos al margen de la acción propia, dada la actual crisis de precios internacionales del café.
El estudio llega a la siguiente conclusión central: si bien la eco-eficiencia representa un reto innovador para una mejor gestión ambiental del beneficiado, la aplicación de los indicadores propuestos demuestra serias limitaciones metodológicas que deben superarse en trabajos futuros.
This study analyzed the environmental performance in six cooperatives of coffee that are part of SUSCOF. It is evaluated the past and the future of echo-efficiency in the process of coffee production with base in environmental indicators. For this, it is made a reflective revision and a propositive reframing with respect to: - The international debate on the environmental management and the corresponding indicators of the echo-efficient performance in the work line of the intensity of use and the productivity of resources; - The empirical evaluation of four main aspects - consumption of firewood, use of electricity, water consumption and load of liquid and solid wasted - in the six companies under study, taking as base the years of harvest 1997/98 and 2000/2001; - The determination of norms for such environmental indicators for the harvest 2005/06, using the multicriteria evaluation and numerical projection, respectively; - The affirmative validity of the economic-environmental information found in the companies and their adapted interpretation, to be able to conclude on the situation and the change of the echo-efficiency in the enterprise scope, characterized by a negligent environmental accounting and a high exposition to external factors to the margin of the enterprises action, given the present crisis of international prices of the coffee.The study reaches the following central conclusion: although the echo-efficiency represents an innovating challenge for one better environmental management of the companies, the application of the proposed indicators demonstrates serious methodological limitations that must be surpassed in future works.
This study analyzed the environmental performance in six cooperatives of coffee that are part of SUSCOF. It is evaluated the past and the future of echo-efficiency in the process of coffee production with base in environmental indicators. For this, it is made a reflective revision and a propositive reframing with respect to: - The international debate on the environmental management and the corresponding indicators of the echo-efficient performance in the work line of the intensity of use and the productivity of resources; - The empirical evaluation of four main aspects - consumption of firewood, use of electricity, water consumption and load of liquid and solid wasted - in the six companies under study, taking as base the years of harvest 1997/98 and 2000/2001; - The determination of norms for such environmental indicators for the harvest 2005/06, using the multicriteria evaluation and numerical projection, respectively; - The affirmative validity of the economic-environmental information found in the companies and their adapted interpretation, to be able to conclude on the situation and the change of the echo-efficiency in the enterprise scope, characterized by a negligent environmental accounting and a high exposition to external factors to the margin of the enterprises action, given the present crisis of international prices of the coffee.The study reaches the following central conclusion: although the echo-efficiency represents an innovating challenge for one better environmental management of the companies, the application of the proposed indicators demonstrates serious methodological limitations that must be surpassed in future works.