Mediciones y el modelaje de la concentración del dióxido de azufre y de la composición del agua de lluvia en los alrededores del Volcán Poás durante el 2017 en Costa Rica
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Fecha
2024-01
Autores
Bolaños-Bolaños, Karla
Alfaro-Solís, Rosa
Sibaja-Brenes, José Pablo
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Corporación Gestión de Riesgos y Desastres GRID-Chile (Chile)
Resumen
Debido al aumento de la actividad del Volcán Poás en 2017, en Costa Rica, se realizaron muestreos
en los alrededores del cráter activo para cuantificar la concentración de dióxido de azufre (SO2) y
las características químicas del agua de lluvia, entre mayo y octubre del 2017. Las muestras de
SO2 se recolectaron con sistemas de burbujeo y las muestras de agua de lluvia con muestreadores
de lluvia simples, donde se midió pH, conductividad eléctrica y concentración de aniones. En El
Mirador para visitantes hubo valores de pH hasta de 2.50 y concentración de sulfatos de 239.3
mg/L. Para el SO2, los valores más significativos fueron en el Centro de visitantes y la Casa de
guardaparques (entre 1 km y 2 km del cráter), con concentraciones de 10171 μg/m3 y 49360 μg/m3,
en 4 horas, lo cual las personas podrían tener problemas respiratorios y afectaciones inmediatas,
como vómito y sangrado nasal. Además, se utilizó el programa Aermod para modelar la dispersión
del SO2 y observar las zonas más afectadas. Las mediciones dieron un punto de partida para la
reapertura del Parque Nacional Volcán Poás, con capacitaciones y el monitoreo de la calidad del
aire, para la seguridad para los visitantes.
Due to the increase in activity of the Poás Volcano during 2017, in Costa Rica, a sampling campaign was carried out in the surroundings of the active crater, to quantify the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and the chemical characteristics of rainwater, between May and October 2017. The SO2 samples were collected with bubbling systems and the rainwater with simple rain samplers, where pH, electrical conductivity and anion concentration were measured. In El Mirador for visitors there were pH values of 2.50 and sulfate concentration of 239.3 mg/L. For SO2, the most significant values were in the Visitor Center and the Park Ranger House (between 1 km and 2 km from the crater), with concentrations of 10171 μg/m3 and 49360 μg/m3, in 4 hours, with these values, the people could have breathing problems and immediate effects, such as vomiting and nosebleeds. In addition, the Aermod program was used to model the dispersion of SO2 and observe the most affected areas. The measurements provided a starting point for the reopening of the Poás Volcano National Park, with training and monitoring of air quality, for visitor’s safety.
Due to the increase in activity of the Poás Volcano during 2017, in Costa Rica, a sampling campaign was carried out in the surroundings of the active crater, to quantify the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and the chemical characteristics of rainwater, between May and October 2017. The SO2 samples were collected with bubbling systems and the rainwater with simple rain samplers, where pH, electrical conductivity and anion concentration were measured. In El Mirador for visitors there were pH values of 2.50 and sulfate concentration of 239.3 mg/L. For SO2, the most significant values were in the Visitor Center and the Park Ranger House (between 1 km and 2 km from the crater), with concentrations of 10171 μg/m3 and 49360 μg/m3, in 4 hours, with these values, the people could have breathing problems and immediate effects, such as vomiting and nosebleeds. In addition, the Aermod program was used to model the dispersion of SO2 and observe the most affected areas. The measurements provided a starting point for the reopening of the Poás Volcano National Park, with training and monitoring of air quality, for visitor’s safety.
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Palabras clave
DIÓXIDO DE AZUFRE, VOLCÁN POÁS, CROMATOGRAFÍA DE IONES, LLUVIA, COSTA RICA, SULFUR DIOXIDE, IONS CHROMATOGRAPHY