Estudio preliminar de la obtención de compuestos híbridos de quitosano y polifenoles derivados de lignina a partir de subproductos agropecuarios y pesquería de camarón
Fecha
2017
Autores
Lopretti Correa, Mary
ESQUIVEL, MARIANELLY
Madrigal-Carballo, Sergio
Corrales Ureña, Yendry
Jose-Roberto, Vega-Baudrit
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Editor
Universidad de San Carlos (Guatemala)
Resumen
En este estudio se prepararon y caracterizaron microcápsulas híbridas del conjugado de polifenoles
derivados de la lignina proveniente de la cáscara de piña, y el quitosano obtenido a partir de la
quitina de la cáscara del camarón; ambos materiales fueron obtenidos como residuos de la industria
agropecuaria y pesquería de camarón de Costa Rica. Con el objetivo de preparar compuestos
fenólicos derivados de la lignina, y utilizarlos en la síntesis de las microcápsulas, se realizó la
hidrólisis enzimática de la misma en un reactor a presión atmosférica a un pH de 6.8, en buffer
de citrato 1 M, durante 6 h a 37ºC. Las enzimas utilizadas fueron extraídas de los cultivos de
hongos de Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill y Phanerochae chrysosporiumin Burdsall.
Para la obtención del quitosano se realizó la desacetilación alcalina a partir de exoesqueletos
del camarón Heterocarpus vicarius Fazon. Para la preparación de las microcápsulas se empleó
una disolución de quitosano en ácido acético, el cual fue mezclado con una disolución acuosa
del producto obtenido de la hidrólisis de la lignina y luego añadido a una disolución de vaselina
para microemulsionar. Posteriormente, se agregó el glutaraldehído como agente entrecruzante.
Se obtuvieron microcápsulas con tamaños entre 5 y 10 μm. Estas microcápsulas son un material
promisorio ya que, mediante la formación del complejo, se puede aumentar la solubilidad del
quitosano y estabilizar los polifenoles, manteniendo así sus propiedades antioxidantes. Los
resultados preliminares obtenidos en esta investigación, muestran el potencial de este material para
el encapsulamiento de fármacos y pesticidas.
Hybrid microcapsules of the conjugate of polyphenols derived from lignin were prepared and characterized. They were obtained from pineapple peel and chitin from shrimp shell from agroindustry or shrimp fishery of Costa Rica. The phenolic compounds were obtained by hydrolysis of lignin, using the enzyme derivatives from the fungus culture of Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall. The reaction was carried out in a reactor with atmospheric pressure, pH 6.8, with a citrate buffer of 1M, for 6 hours at 37°C. The chitosan was obtained by alkaline deacetylation of the Heterocarpus vicarious Fazon, shrimp exoskeletons. Microcapsules were prepared mixing a solution of chitosan dissolved in acetic acid and a solution of polyphenol derivatives from lignin. Afterwards, they were added to a vaseline aqueous solution for the microemulsion formation and glutaraldehyde was added as a crosslinking agent. Microcapsules with sizes between 5 to 10 μm were obtained. These microcapsules are a promising material to increase chitosan solubility and for preventing the oxidation of polyphenols. The preliminary results obtained in this research show the potential of this material for the encapsulation of drugs and pesticides.
Hybrid microcapsules of the conjugate of polyphenols derived from lignin were prepared and characterized. They were obtained from pineapple peel and chitin from shrimp shell from agroindustry or shrimp fishery of Costa Rica. The phenolic compounds were obtained by hydrolysis of lignin, using the enzyme derivatives from the fungus culture of Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall. The reaction was carried out in a reactor with atmospheric pressure, pH 6.8, with a citrate buffer of 1M, for 6 hours at 37°C. The chitosan was obtained by alkaline deacetylation of the Heterocarpus vicarious Fazon, shrimp exoskeletons. Microcapsules were prepared mixing a solution of chitosan dissolved in acetic acid and a solution of polyphenol derivatives from lignin. Afterwards, they were added to a vaseline aqueous solution for the microemulsion formation and glutaraldehyde was added as a crosslinking agent. Microcapsules with sizes between 5 to 10 μm were obtained. These microcapsules are a promising material to increase chitosan solubility and for preventing the oxidation of polyphenols. The preliminary results obtained in this research show the potential of this material for the encapsulation of drugs and pesticides.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CONJUGADOS, LIGNINA, QUITOSANO, POLIFENOLES, MICROCÁPSULAS, CONJUGATES, LIGNIN, CHITOSAN, PROTEIN, MICROCAPSULES