Perfil nacional de condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud de las personas trabajadoras Costa Rica 2015 - 2019
Fecha
2020
Autores
Barraza, Douglas
Robles Ramírez, Andrés
Ulloa Chaverri, Erick
Sánchez Aragonés, Nury
Silva Peñaherrera, Michael
Benavides, Fernando.
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los cambios acelerados que se están produciendo en las condiciones de empleo y trabajo, y sus efectos sobre la salud, constituyen retos de enorme envergadura para la seguridad y salud de las personas trabajadoras. En este contexto, el análisis de datos históricos y actualizados en materia de condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud es un insumo esencial para formular políticas que mejoren la vida de las personas trabajadoras. Este estudio descriptivo se basa en la mejor información disponible respecto a las condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud en Costa Rica. Para ello, se han calculado indicadores sobre las características del mercado de trabajo, las condiciones de seguridad, higiene, ergonomía y psicosocial en los lugares de trabajo, la salud autopercibida, la mortalidad general y las lesiones por accidentes de trabajo. Los indicadores, siempre que fue posible, se calcularon para hombres y mujeres por separado, y se desagregaron por actividad económica. También se ha procurado presentar la información correspondiente al quinquenio 2015-2019.
La tasa de ocupación es casi el doble en hombres que en mujeres. Alrededor de un millón de personas ocupadas no disponen de una cobertura de riesgos del trabajo. Sin embargo, cabe mencionar que las personas trabajadoras asalariadas que sufren un accidente de trabajo son atendidas por el INS aun sin estar aseguradas, dado el carácter solidario de este régimen de seguros. Por otra parte, unas 800.000 personas trabajadoras no cuentan con cobertura de servicios de salud del seguro social.
Los riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales autoreportados afectan aproximadamente a dos de cada tres personas ocupadas en Costa Rica. La incidencia de lesiones no mortales por accidentes de trabajo, alrededor de 90 por 1.000 a lo largo del quinquenio, se concentra en la construcción y agricultura. De acuerdo a la opinión expresada por las personas participantes en la encuesta, la mayoría de estas desconocen que existan actividades preventivas o comisiones de salud ocupacional en las empresas.
A partir de estos resultados se proponen recomendaciones para mejorar las políticas y la investigación en salud ocupacional.
The changes that are taking place in employment and working conditions in Costa Rica, and their effects on health, bring challenges for the safety and health of workers. In this paper, we analyzed historical and current data on employment, work, and health conditions to inform policies that will improve the lives of working people in Costa Rica. This descriptive study is based on the best information available regarding employment, work, and health conditions in Costa Rica. Using this data, we calculated several indicators that represent characteristics of the labor market, safety, hygiene, ergonomic and psychosocial conditions in the workplace, self-perceived health, general mortality, and injuries at work. Whenever possible, we calculated these indicators for men and women separately, disaggregated by economic activity. An effort has also been made to present this information for the 2015–2019 five-year period. We found that the employment rate for men in Costa Rica from 2015–2019 was almost double the rate for women. Around a million employees did not have occupational risk insurance coverage. However, it should be mentioned that salaried workers who suffer a work accident are cared for by the INS even without being insured, given the solidarity nature of this insurance scheme. On the other hand, almost 800,000 workers were without coverage of health services. Self-reported ergonomic and psychosocial risks affected two out of every three employed persons in Costa Rica. The incidence of non-fatal injuries at work, around 90 per 1,000 throughout the five-year period, was concentrated in construction and agriculture. According to the opinion expressed by workers, most are unaware that there are preventive activities or occupational health commissions in companies that can be accessed to help reduce work injuries. Based on these results, we propose several recommendations to improve policies and research in occupational health.
The changes that are taking place in employment and working conditions in Costa Rica, and their effects on health, bring challenges for the safety and health of workers. In this paper, we analyzed historical and current data on employment, work, and health conditions to inform policies that will improve the lives of working people in Costa Rica. This descriptive study is based on the best information available regarding employment, work, and health conditions in Costa Rica. Using this data, we calculated several indicators that represent characteristics of the labor market, safety, hygiene, ergonomic and psychosocial conditions in the workplace, self-perceived health, general mortality, and injuries at work. Whenever possible, we calculated these indicators for men and women separately, disaggregated by economic activity. An effort has also been made to present this information for the 2015–2019 five-year period. We found that the employment rate for men in Costa Rica from 2015–2019 was almost double the rate for women. Around a million employees did not have occupational risk insurance coverage. However, it should be mentioned that salaried workers who suffer a work accident are cared for by the INS even without being insured, given the solidarity nature of this insurance scheme. On the other hand, almost 800,000 workers were without coverage of health services. Self-reported ergonomic and psychosocial risks affected two out of every three employed persons in Costa Rica. The incidence of non-fatal injuries at work, around 90 per 1,000 throughout the five-year period, was concentrated in construction and agriculture. According to the opinion expressed by workers, most are unaware that there are preventive activities or occupational health commissions in companies that can be accessed to help reduce work injuries. Based on these results, we propose several recommendations to improve policies and research in occupational health.
Descripción
Informes técnicos IRET 43, parte del proyecto "Estimación de la carga térmica en trabajadores: Un estudio exploratorio para estimar el riesgo bajo condiciones actuales y con el cambio climático 0471-18"
Palabras clave
SALUD OCUPACIONAL, SEGURIDAD LABORAL, SEGURIDAD SOCIAL, RIESGOS PARA LA SALUD, ANÁLISIS SOCIOECONÓMICO, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, WORKPLACE SAFETY, SOCIAL SECURITY, HEALTH RISKS, SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS