Un Trump para dos Méxicos
Fecha
2017-04
Autores
Sáenz-Segura, Fernando
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Editor
Oficina de Comunicación, Universidad Nacional
Resumen
México es un país de contrastes fuertes. Hasta principios de los años 80 seguía una política económica proteccionista y el 75% de sus exportaciones era petróleo crudo. Con el NAFTA, la economía se diversificó y solo entre enero de 1994 y septiembre de 1999 se recibió una inversión extranjera directa de empresas norteamericanas por el orden de US $30.588,5 millones, principalmente en manufactura (60% del total). La economía norteamericana depende fuertemente de esas inversiones en México, pero igualmente México se volvió dependiente en maíz amarillo (clave en la alimentación de animales), gasolina (52% del consumo viene de Estados Unidos), gas natural (fundamental para cocinar) y otros productos agroindustriales.
Comercialmente, México también “puso casi todos sus huevos en una sola canasta”, pues el 82% de las exportaciones van a Estados Unidos y Canadá. Se estima que el acuerdo vale US 1 millón el minuto. El contraste viene cuando se revisan los datos de pobreza del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (Coneval), que indican que entre el 2012 y el 2014 la pobreza aumentó en dos millones de personas, al pasar de 53,3 millones de personas (45,5%), a 55,3 millones de personas (46,2%), mientras que la pobreza extrema se redujo marginalmente (9,5%). Parte del problema es que la población con ingreso inferior a la línea de bienestar mínimo se mantiene en 20% y la población con ingreso inferior a la línea de bienestar pasó de 51,6% a 53,2%, para el mismo periodo. También, la Coneval mide la pobreza en función de carencias sociales en: acceso a servicios de salud (aprox. 18%), acceso a seguridad social (aprox. 59%), calidad y espacio de vivienda (12%), en servicios básicos de vivienda (aprox. 21%) y acceso a alimentación (aprox. 23,4%). El rezago en educación ronda el 19%. En un país de más de 100 millones de habitantes, esos porcentajes representan mucha gente.
Mexico is a country of strong contrasts. Until the early 1980s it followed a protectionist economic policy and 75% of its exports were oil raw. With NAFTA, the economy diversified and only between January 1994 and September 1999 a Foreign direct investment by North American companies in the order of US $ 30,588.5 million, mainly in manufacturing (60% of the total). The economy The United States depends heavily on these investments in Mexico, but Mexico also became dependent on yellow corn (key in feeding animals), gasoline (52% of consumption comes from States), natural gas (essential for cooking) and others agro-industrial products. Commercially, Mexico also “put almost all their eggs in one basket ”, since 82% of exports go to United States and Canada. It is estimated that the deal is worth US 1 million the minute. The contrast comes when the data is reviewed of poverty of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (Coneval), which indicate that between 2012 and 2014 poverty increased in two million people, from 53.3 million people (45.5%), to 55.3 million people (46.2%), while extreme poverty was marginally reduced (9.5%). Part of The problem is that the population with income below the minimum welfare line remains at 20% and the population with income below the welfare went from 51.6% to 53.2%, for the same period. Also, Coneval measures poverty based on social deficiencies in: access to services health (approx. 18%), access to social security (approx. 59%), quality and living space (12%), in services basic housing (approx. 21%) and access to food (approx. 23.4%). The lag in education is around 19%. In a country of more than 100 million inhabitants, those percentages represent many people.
Mexico is a country of strong contrasts. Until the early 1980s it followed a protectionist economic policy and 75% of its exports were oil raw. With NAFTA, the economy diversified and only between January 1994 and September 1999 a Foreign direct investment by North American companies in the order of US $ 30,588.5 million, mainly in manufacturing (60% of the total). The economy The United States depends heavily on these investments in Mexico, but Mexico also became dependent on yellow corn (key in feeding animals), gasoline (52% of consumption comes from States), natural gas (essential for cooking) and others agro-industrial products. Commercially, Mexico also “put almost all their eggs in one basket ”, since 82% of exports go to United States and Canada. It is estimated that the deal is worth US 1 million the minute. The contrast comes when the data is reviewed of poverty of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (Coneval), which indicate that between 2012 and 2014 poverty increased in two million people, from 53.3 million people (45.5%), to 55.3 million people (46.2%), while extreme poverty was marginally reduced (9.5%). Part of The problem is that the population with income below the minimum welfare line remains at 20% and the population with income below the welfare went from 51.6% to 53.2%, for the same period. Also, Coneval measures poverty based on social deficiencies in: access to services health (approx. 18%), access to social security (approx. 59%), quality and living space (12%), in services basic housing (approx. 21%) and access to food (approx. 23.4%). The lag in education is around 19%. In a country of more than 100 million inhabitants, those percentages represent many people.
Descripción
Palabras clave
TRUMP, DONALD JOHN, 1946-, MÉXICO, POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA, ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS, POBREZA, ECONOMIC ASPECTS, ECONOMIC POLITICS, POVERTY