Crítica al paradigma del desarrollo turístico sostenible: aproximaciones epistemológicas aplicadas al turismo en Centroamérica
Fecha
2017
Autores
Picón Cruz, Juan Carlos
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente capítulo aborda el desarrollo sostenible como paradigma de desarrollo aplicado desde los países industrializados tendientes a continuar los procesos de producción, consumo y movilización del capital financiero transnacional en países subdesarrollados. En este sentido, se analiza el modelo de desarrollo del turismo sostenible en Centroamérica, desde una perspectiva de la teoría crítica y el enfoque de investigación constructivista, procurando resumir desde esta postura los efectos del turismo masivo de sol y playa en la región centroamericana.
Además, se plantea la influencia del discurso del desarrollo sostenible en la estructuración de la oferta turística tradicional, los efectos en la transformación del paisaje natural y social, las principales presiones ambientales y los conflictos que se han derivado en algunos sitios de interés turístico.
Asimismo, se analiza la evolución del turismo de masas en los procesos de transnacionalización del capital financiero internacional, influenciado por la visión y un discurso colonialista desde los países que ejercieron un fuerte dominio mundial durante la época de posguerra.
Finalmente, el artículo concluye que el turismo de masas es el gran negocio del tiempo libre, controlado por corporaciones empresariales de corte transnacional y promovida por los gobiernos de países con economías emergentes que utilizan esta vía para lograr el ansiado desarrollo. En este particular, la experiencia centroamericana muestra un panorama que deja serias dudas respecto al modelo de turismo sostenible, el cual se menciona en el discurso oficial.
This chapter addresses sustainable development as a development paradigm applied by industrialized countries to continue the processes of production, consumption and mobilization of transnational financial capital in underdeveloped countries. In this sense, the model of sustainable tourism development in Central America is analyzed from the perspective of critical theory and the constructivist research approach, seeking to summarize from this position the effects of massive sun and beach tourism in the Central American region. In addition, the influence of the sustainable development discourse on the structuring of the traditional tourist offer, the effects on the transformation of the natural and social landscape, the main environmental pressures and the conflicts that have arisen in some sites of tourist interest are discussed. It also analyzes the evolution of mass tourism in the processes of transnationalization of international financial capital, influenced by the vision and a colonialist discourse from the countries that exercised a strong world domination during the post-war period. Finally, the article concludes that mass tourism is the big business of free time, controlled by transnational business corporations and promoted by the governments of countries with emerging economies that use it to achieve the desired development. In this particular case, the Central American experience shows a panorama that leaves serious doubts regarding the sustainable tourism model mentioned in the official discourse.
This chapter addresses sustainable development as a development paradigm applied by industrialized countries to continue the processes of production, consumption and mobilization of transnational financial capital in underdeveloped countries. In this sense, the model of sustainable tourism development in Central America is analyzed from the perspective of critical theory and the constructivist research approach, seeking to summarize from this position the effects of massive sun and beach tourism in the Central American region. In addition, the influence of the sustainable development discourse on the structuring of the traditional tourist offer, the effects on the transformation of the natural and social landscape, the main environmental pressures and the conflicts that have arisen in some sites of tourist interest are discussed. It also analyzes the evolution of mass tourism in the processes of transnationalization of international financial capital, influenced by the vision and a colonialist discourse from the countries that exercised a strong world domination during the post-war period. Finally, the article concludes that mass tourism is the big business of free time, controlled by transnational business corporations and promoted by the governments of countries with emerging economies that use it to achieve the desired development. In this particular case, the Central American experience shows a panorama that leaves serious doubts regarding the sustainable tourism model mentioned in the official discourse.
Descripción
Capítulo 1 del libro. La cuestión turística: aproximaciones epistemológicas y estudios críticos sobre su práctica
Palabras clave
TURISMO, EPISTEMOLOGÍA, TURISMO ECOLÓGICO, MEDIO AMBIENTE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO, TOURISM, EPISTEMOLOGY, ECOLOGICAL TOURISM, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, CENTROAMERICA, DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO, TOURISM DEVELOPMENT