Método de estudio socioambiental para la ordenación del territorio en la Cordillera Alux de Guatemala
Archivos
Fecha
2019
Autores
Ortega Montalván, Ileana Lizette
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE)
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó en la Reserva Forestal Protectora de Manantiales Cordillera Alux en Guatemala y se trabajó con los poblados de Mixco, San Juan Sacatepéquez, San Lucas Sacatepéquez, San Pedro Sacatepéquez y Santiago Sacatepéquez. El estudio de valores actitudes y comportamiento se
efectuó en el municipio de San Lucas Sacatepéquez, se trabajó con una muestra de 369 personas y los datos se recogieron en el año 2014. Sobre la percepción de la comunidad hacia el ambiente se determinó que los pobladores poseían un nivel bajo de conocimientos sobre la conservación del área protegida y del recurso forestal; únicamente alrededor del 50% mostró interés por involucarse en movimientos o participar en la resolución de problemas ambientales. Este resultado se identifica como una limitante con la que se debe trabajar en los programas de educación ambiental, con el objetivo de tomar acciones positivas para su conservación. Se estudió la tendencia espacial de crecimiento y el cambio del uso del suelo con una proyección de las áreas pobladas al 2030, para antecederse a circunstancias que se deberán considerar en la planificación urbana. Se encontró que la evolución de la estructura en los centros poblados desde su fundación hasta hoy, pasó de una trama tradicional de las comunidades españolas a convertirse en ciudades fragmentadas. El análisis espacial, a través de la fotointerpretación de imágenes satelitales Landsat TM, mostró el cambio de cobertura del uso de suelo, la evolución de los centros poblados y la expansión de las áreas urbanas. Entre los factores que más influyen en la dinámica territorial ambiental de los asentamientos, está la cercanía a la ciudad capital, lo que ha provocado la conurbación. La simulación sobre el escenario futuro al 2030, siguiendo la tendencia actual, muestra cambios de cobertura, avance del crecimiento urbano y la reducción del área boscosa, aspectos fundamentales a considerar en la planificación del territorio y en la toma de medidas preventivas. La investigación concluye con la propuesta de un método para utilizar en los análisis sobre el uso del suelo en áreas protegidas que se encuentran habitadas desde antes de ser declaradas como tales. La finalidad es determinar el impacto que ha tenido el cambio en el uso del suelo en las tendencias de configuración de la zona. Además, es una herramienta auxiliar en la planificación territorial.
The present investigation was carried out in the Protective Forest Reserve of Manantiales Cordillera Alux in Guatemala and worked with the towns of Mixco, San Juan Sacatepéquez, San Lucas Sacatepéquez, San Pedro Sacatepéquez and Santiago Sacatepéquez. The study of values, attitudes and behavior was carried out in the municipality of San Lucas Sacatepéquez, it was worked with a sample of 369 people and the data was collected in 2014. Regarding the perception of the community towards the environment, it was determined that the inhabitants had a low level of knowledge about the conservation of the protected area and the forest resource; only about 50% showed interest in getting involved in movements or participating in solving environmental problems. This result is identified as a limitation that must be worked with in environmental education programs, with the aim of taking positive actions for its conservation. The spatial growth trend and change in land use were studied with a projection of populated areas to 2030, to precede circumstances that should be considered in urban planning. It was found that the evolution of the structure in the populated centers since its foundation until today, went from a traditional fabric of Spanish communities to become fragmented cities. The spatial analysis, through the photointerpretation of Landsat TM satellite images, showed the change in land use coverage, the evolution of populated centers and the expansion of urban areas. Among the factors that most influence the environmental territorial dynamics of the settlements, is the proximity to the capital city, which has caused the conurbation. The simulation on the future scenario to 2030, following the current trend, shows changes in coverage, progress in urban growth and the reduction of the forest area, fundamental aspects to consider in planning the territory and in taking preventive measures. The research concludes with the proposal of a method to be used in the analysis of land use in protected areas that have been inhabited before being declared as such. The purpose is to determine the impact that the change in land use has had on the configuration trends of the area. In addition, it is an auxiliary tool in territorial planning.
The present investigation was carried out in the Protective Forest Reserve of Manantiales Cordillera Alux in Guatemala and worked with the towns of Mixco, San Juan Sacatepéquez, San Lucas Sacatepéquez, San Pedro Sacatepéquez and Santiago Sacatepéquez. The study of values, attitudes and behavior was carried out in the municipality of San Lucas Sacatepéquez, it was worked with a sample of 369 people and the data was collected in 2014. Regarding the perception of the community towards the environment, it was determined that the inhabitants had a low level of knowledge about the conservation of the protected area and the forest resource; only about 50% showed interest in getting involved in movements or participating in solving environmental problems. This result is identified as a limitation that must be worked with in environmental education programs, with the aim of taking positive actions for its conservation. The spatial growth trend and change in land use were studied with a projection of populated areas to 2030, to precede circumstances that should be considered in urban planning. It was found that the evolution of the structure in the populated centers since its foundation until today, went from a traditional fabric of Spanish communities to become fragmented cities. The spatial analysis, through the photointerpretation of Landsat TM satellite images, showed the change in land use coverage, the evolution of populated centers and the expansion of urban areas. Among the factors that most influence the environmental territorial dynamics of the settlements, is the proximity to the capital city, which has caused the conurbation. The simulation on the future scenario to 2030, following the current trend, shows changes in coverage, progress in urban growth and the reduction of the forest area, fundamental aspects to consider in planning the territory and in taking preventive measures. The research concludes with the proposal of a method to be used in the analysis of land use in protected areas that have been inhabited before being declared as such. The purpose is to determine the impact that the change in land use has had on the configuration trends of the area. In addition, it is an auxiliary tool in territorial planning.
Descripción
Ortega Montalván, I. (2019). Método de estudio socioambiental para la ordenación del territorio en la Cordillera Alux de Guatemala. (Tesis de Doctorado). Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica; Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
ÁREAS SILVESTRES, SUELO, USO DE LA TIERRA, CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES, ÁREAS DE PROTECCIÓN, PLANIFICACIÓN REGIONAL, CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES, PROTECTION AREAS