Caracterización fisicoquímica de muestras de miel de Apis mellifera, comercializada en la zona occidental de la Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM) de Costa Rica
Fecha
2021-08
Autores
Deras López, Víctor Alfonso
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio consistió en identificar y enlistar las marcas de miel de abeja oferentes a nivel de mercados centrales de la zona occidental de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica, específicamente las ciudades de Alajuela, Heredia y San José, encontrándose un total de 29 marcas. Así mismo, se determinaron las características físico-químicas de aproximadamente el 50% de estas muestras. Para determinar la calidad de las mieles se siguió el protocolo descrito en los Métodos Armonizados de la Comisión Internacional de la Miel (Bogdanov, 2009). Mientras que para determinar jarabes altos en fructosa se utilizó el método de Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución acoplada a un índice de refracción (HPLC). Con este trabajo se procuró conocer la calidad de la miel que se comercializa en el área urbana más poblada de Costa Rica, pues al ser un alimento de consumo humano es también un asunto de interés público. Los resultados obtenidos en los análisis arrojaron que únicamente tres muestras correspondientes al 20 % cumplen con los parámetros de calidad establecidos por la Norma Nacional para la miel de abeja de Costa Rica, se determinó que tres muestras estaban adulteradas con jarabes altos en fructosa, otras cuatro fueron posiblemente adulteradas con jarabe invertido, tres muestras presentaron señales de calentamiento y malas prácticas de almacenamiento, una muestra provenía de mieles sobrecalentadas , y una muestra provenía de mieles posiblemente mezcladas.
This study consisted of identifying and listing the offering honey brands at the central markets level in the western zone of the Greater Costa Rica Metropolitan Area, specifically the cities of Alajuela, Heredia and San José, finding a total of 29 brands. Likewise, the physicochemical characteristics of approximately 50% of these samples were determined. To determine the quality of the honeys, the protocol described in the Harmonized Methods of the International Honey Commission was followed (Bogdanov, 2009). While to determine high fructose syrups, the method of High Resolution Liquid Chromatography coupled to a refractive index (HPLC) was used. This work sought to know the quality of the honey that is marketed in the most populated urban area of Costa Rica, since being a food for human consumption is also a matter of public interest. The results obtained in the analyzes showed that only three samples corresponding to 20% meet the quality parameters established by the National Standard for Costa Rican honey, it was determined that three samples were adulterated with high fructose syrups, another four They were possibly adulterated with inverted syrup, three samples showed signs of heating and poor storage practices, one sample came from overheated honeys, and one sample came from possibly mixed honeys.
This study consisted of identifying and listing the offering honey brands at the central markets level in the western zone of the Greater Costa Rica Metropolitan Area, specifically the cities of Alajuela, Heredia and San José, finding a total of 29 brands. Likewise, the physicochemical characteristics of approximately 50% of these samples were determined. To determine the quality of the honeys, the protocol described in the Harmonized Methods of the International Honey Commission was followed (Bogdanov, 2009). While to determine high fructose syrups, the method of High Resolution Liquid Chromatography coupled to a refractive index (HPLC) was used. This work sought to know the quality of the honey that is marketed in the most populated urban area of Costa Rica, since being a food for human consumption is also a matter of public interest. The results obtained in the analyzes showed that only three samples corresponding to 20% meet the quality parameters established by the National Standard for Costa Rican honey, it was determined that three samples were adulterated with high fructose syrups, another four They were possibly adulterated with inverted syrup, three samples showed signs of heating and poor storage practices, one sample came from overheated honeys, and one sample came from possibly mixed honeys.
Descripción
Clasificación 638.16 D473c
Palabras clave
MIEL DE ABEJA, APICULTURA, COMERCIALIZACIÓN, APIS MELLIFERA, HONEY BEE, BEEKEEPING, COMMERCIALIZATION