Absorción de nutrientes a través de la hoja
Fecha
2013
Autores
Murillo Castillo, Ritma Giordana
Piedra-Marin, Gilberto
León, Ramón G.
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La fertilización foliar es una práctica efectiva para la corrección de deficiencias nutricionales en plantas que se encuentran bajo condiciones de estrés o en suelos con baja disponibilidad de nutrientes. Consiste en aplicar disoluciones de nutrientes directamente sobre las hojas. Esta absorción en la hoja se desarrolla mayoritariamente a través de la epidermis, por difusión, debido al gradiente de concentración del nutriente que se establece entre la superficie de la hoja y en el interior de la epidermis.Una vez que el nutriente ha ingresado al citoplasma de las células epidermales, la movilización de este ocurre en forma relativamente expedita. La principal barrera que el nutriente debe atravesar es la cutícula, la cual está compuesta de ceras. Las características físico-químicas delnutriente, tales como tamaño y polaridad controlan la tasa de absorción. El presente artículo provee una descripción detallada del proceso de absorción foliar de nutrientes y su influencia en el desarrollo y uso de fertilizantes foliares.
Foliar fertilization is an effective practice to correct nutritional deficiencies in plants that are under stress conditions or in soils with low nutrient availability, and consists in applying nutrient solutions directly on leaves. Nutrient absorption in the leaf occurs mainly through the epidermis, by diffusion, due to the nutrient concentration gradient established between the leaf surface and the epidermis interior.Once the nutrient has entered the cytoplasm of the epidermal cells, its movement happensin a relatively expedited fashion. The main barrier the nutrient has to pass is the cuticle, which is comprised of waxes. The physico-chemical characteristics of the nutrient, such as size and polarity, control the absorption rate. The present article provides a detailed description of the foliar absorption of nutrients and its influence on the development and use of foliar fertilizers.
Foliar fertilization is an effective practice to correct nutritional deficiencies in plants that are under stress conditions or in soils with low nutrient availability, and consists in applying nutrient solutions directly on leaves. Nutrient absorption in the leaf occurs mainly through the epidermis, by diffusion, due to the nutrient concentration gradient established between the leaf surface and the epidermis interior.Once the nutrient has entered the cytoplasm of the epidermal cells, its movement happensin a relatively expedited fashion. The main barrier the nutrient has to pass is the cuticle, which is comprised of waxes. The physico-chemical characteristics of the nutrient, such as size and polarity, control the absorption rate. The present article provides a detailed description of the foliar absorption of nutrients and its influence on the development and use of foliar fertilizers.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HOJA, ABSORCIÓN, MECANISMOS DE TRANSPORTE, GRADIENTES DE CONCENTRACIÓN, NUTRIENTES, ABSORPTION, CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS