Informes Técnicos IRET N° 53 : Los plaguicidas altamente peligrosos en Costa Rica : Plan de acción sobre PAPs
Fecha
2023-07
Autores
Ramírez-Muñoz, Fernando
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este documento resume el Plan de Acción sobre los Plaguicidas Altamente Peligrosos (PAPs), como una propuesta para las autoridades regulatorias y una guía para usuarios, consumidores, ONGs y estudiantes, en el campo de los plaguicidas de uso agrícola, para la toma de decisiones sobre uso, exposición, riesgos, cuidados en su manipulación, regulación y alternativas para reducirlos o eliminarlos. Primero se revisa el concepto de PAPs y los criterios que se establecieron para definirlos como tales, la historia de cómo por varios mecanismos a nivel internacional, se llegó a la necesidad de buscar la regulación, restricción o prohibición de algunos plaguicidas que, por su capacidad de producir toxicidad humana, aguda o crónica, y por sus características fisicoquímicas, pueden afectar el ambiente o grupos de organismos muy importantes para la sobrevivencia humana. Se presenta un cuadro con los nombres de los plaguicidas considerados PAPs que se encuentran registrados o por registrar en Costa Rica para uso agrícola, divididos en grupos con las características de toxicidad en salud (aguda, crónica), toxicidad ambiental y la inclusión en algún convenio internacional que los regule. Además, se les asigna una calificación de acuerdo con el número de grupos en que se incluyen de acuerdo con los criterios PAPs. A partir de esta lista extensa de PAPs usados en el país, se caracterizan, documentan y priorizan las sustancias que, desde el punto de vista del Proyecto “HHP: Phase out and alternatives in Cosa Rica”, creemos que es necesaria una acción inmediata para su prohibición, dentro de un marco general de ir retirando del mercado y de nuestros campos a todos los plaguicidas considerados PAPs. Se espera que este documento sea considerado por las autoridades competentes y que sirva como un insumo más para el cambio de las políticas gubernamentales en Costa Rica, que han permitido que entren al mercado plaguicidas que pueden causar un enorme daño a la salud de la población, afectar en forma relevante la biodiversidad y provocar contaminación de los recursos propios del medio ambiente
This document summarizes the Action Plan on Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHP), as a proposal for regulatory authorities and a guide for users, consumers, NGOs and students in the field of pesticides for agricultural use, for decision-making on use, exposure, risks, handling care, regulation and alternatives to reduce or eliminate them. First, the concept of HHP and the criteria that were established to define them as such are reviewed, as well as the history of how through various mechanisms at the international level, the need to seek the regulation, restriction or prohibition of some pesticides that, due to their capacity to produce acute or chronic human toxicity, and due to their physicochemical characteristics, they can affect the environment or groups of organisms that are very important for human survival. A table is presented with the names of pesticides considered HHP that are registered or to be registered in Costa Rica for agricultural use, divided into groups with the characteristics of health toxicity (acute, chronic), environmental toxicity and inclusion in some agreement. international law that regulates them. In addition, they are assigned a rating according to the number of groups in which they are included according to the HHP criteria. From this extensive list of HHP used in the country, the substances that, from the point of view of the Project: HHP: Phase out and alternatives in Cosa Rica, we believe immediate action is necessary for its prohibition, are characterized, documented, and prioritized, within a general framework of gradually withdrawing from the market and from our fields all pesticides considered HHP. It is hoped that this document will be considered by the competent authorities and that it will serve as one more input for the change in government policies in Costa Rica, which have allowed pesticides to enter the market that can cause enormous damage to the health of the population. significantly affect biodiversity and cause pollution of the natural resources of the environment.
This document summarizes the Action Plan on Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHP), as a proposal for regulatory authorities and a guide for users, consumers, NGOs and students in the field of pesticides for agricultural use, for decision-making on use, exposure, risks, handling care, regulation and alternatives to reduce or eliminate them. First, the concept of HHP and the criteria that were established to define them as such are reviewed, as well as the history of how through various mechanisms at the international level, the need to seek the regulation, restriction or prohibition of some pesticides that, due to their capacity to produce acute or chronic human toxicity, and due to their physicochemical characteristics, they can affect the environment or groups of organisms that are very important for human survival. A table is presented with the names of pesticides considered HHP that are registered or to be registered in Costa Rica for agricultural use, divided into groups with the characteristics of health toxicity (acute, chronic), environmental toxicity and inclusion in some agreement. international law that regulates them. In addition, they are assigned a rating according to the number of groups in which they are included according to the HHP criteria. From this extensive list of HHP used in the country, the substances that, from the point of view of the Project: HHP: Phase out and alternatives in Cosa Rica, we believe immediate action is necessary for its prohibition, are characterized, documented, and prioritized, within a general framework of gradually withdrawing from the market and from our fields all pesticides considered HHP. It is hoped that this document will be considered by the competent authorities and that it will serve as one more input for the change in government policies in Costa Rica, which have allowed pesticides to enter the market that can cause enormous damage to the health of the population. significantly affect biodiversity and cause pollution of the natural resources of the environment.
Descripción
Publicado en la colección: Informes técnicos IRET, N° 53
Forma parte del Programa: Fortalecimiento del Área de Diagnóstico para el soporte de las actividades permanentes del IRET, número SIA 0043-17
Forma parte del Programa: Fortalecimiento del Área de Diagnóstico para el soporte de las actividades permanentes del IRET, número SIA 0043-17
Palabras clave
PLAGUICIDAS, COSTA RICA, IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, HERBICIDAS, SALUD OCUPACIONAL, PESTICIDES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, HERBICIDES, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH