Comercio y estándares laborales: una discusión centroamericana en el marco del tratado de libre comercio con Estados Unidos (CAFTA). (SDT 001-2003)
Archivos
Fecha
2003-05
Autores
Murillo, Carlos
Ruiz, Keynor
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Editor
Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE)
Resumen
La problemática de los estándares laborales en los acuerdos comerciales no es reciente pero su incorporación en las negociaciones del Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados Unidos, ha vuelto a poner el tema en el centro de la discusión pública. Los estándares laborales a los que s hace referencia no son muy diferentes a los contemplados por las iniciativas para la Cuenca del Caribe, o los Convenios Fundamentales al trabajo de la OIT, firmados en su mayoría por los países centroamericanos, la diferencia en esta ocasión es el tema del cumplimiento y sanciones comerciales.
Los cambios que ha dado Centroamérica hacia una mayor apertura de los mercados ha tenido importantes avances en el control del endeudamiento y los desequilibrios macroeconómicos, peo no han logrado incidir en la sostenibilidad del desarrollo de los países, en parte porque una política de apertura no es sinónimo de política de desarrollo. La evolución de la estructura productiva muestra una tendencia hacia la terciarización, donde sobresale la participación de actividades relacionadas con comercio y turismo. Esto se ha visto reflejado en el comportamiento del mercado laboral, donde destaca la generación de puestos de trabajo de esas actividades y estrechamente relacionada con la dinámica del sector informal.
En este contexto se brinda la oportunidad para visualizar el papel del mercado laboral en el proceso de desarrollo.
The problematic of the labor standards in the commercial agreements is not recent but its incorporation in the negotiations of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States has returned to put the subject in the center of the public discussion. These labor standards are not very different from the contemplated by the initiatives for the Basin of the Caribbean, or the Work Fundamental Agreements of the OIT, signed in its majority by the Central American countries, the difference in this occasion is the fulfillment subject and the commercial sanctions. The changes that Central America has given towards a greater opening of the markets have had important advances in the control of macroeconomic indebtedness and imbalances, but have not affect the sustainability of the development of the countries, partly because an opening policy is not synonymous of development policy. The evolution of the productive structure shows a tendency towards to the tertiary sector, where the participation of activities related to commerce and tourism excels. This has been reflected in the behavior of the labor market, where it emphasizes the generation of jobs of those activities and closely related to the dynamics of the informal sector. In this context the opportunity offers to visualize the paper of the labor market in the development process.
The problematic of the labor standards in the commercial agreements is not recent but its incorporation in the negotiations of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States has returned to put the subject in the center of the public discussion. These labor standards are not very different from the contemplated by the initiatives for the Basin of the Caribbean, or the Work Fundamental Agreements of the OIT, signed in its majority by the Central American countries, the difference in this occasion is the fulfillment subject and the commercial sanctions. The changes that Central America has given towards a greater opening of the markets have had important advances in the control of macroeconomic indebtedness and imbalances, but have not affect the sustainability of the development of the countries, partly because an opening policy is not synonymous of development policy. The evolution of the productive structure shows a tendency towards to the tertiary sector, where the participation of activities related to commerce and tourism excels. This has been reflected in the behavior of the labor market, where it emphasizes the generation of jobs of those activities and closely related to the dynamics of the informal sector. In this context the opportunity offers to visualize the paper of the labor market in the development process.