Motivos de participación y satisfacción en la actividad física, el ejercicio físico y el deporte
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Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
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La motivación en la actividad física es una característica psicológica multidimensional, que se ve influenciada tanto por los aspectos internos de la persona (preferencias, deseos, temores, entre otras), como por las vivencias externas de su entorno (aceptación social, amistades, habilidades, entre otras). En una época en la que en el nivel mundial, la actividad física de personas de todas las edades, está en aumento constante, es fundamental para profesionales como educadores físicos, entrenadores deportivos o instructores de ejercicio, tener presentes los principales motivos de participación de los sujetos que tienen a su cargo, con el fin de velar por elaborar planes de trabajo ideales para que se mantengan realizándolo, orientándolos a disfrutar y estar satisfechos con su intervención y así alargar su ciclo de vida activa, evitando el abandono, aspecto tan relacionado con el sedentarismo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. Así, los niños prefieren la diversión y hacer amigos; los adolescentes la competición y las amistades; los universitarios la aventura y la diversión; los adultos obtener actividad física regular y los adultos mayores los beneficios relacionados con la salud. Las mujeres se motivan por la apariencia y aspectos sociales, mientras los hombres por la competición y el estatus. Los sujetos que hacen deporte se motivan por la competición y los que hacen ejercicio por la imagen corporal. A mayor nivel de actividad, se valora más la competición. Finalmente, la diversión, la competición, el aprender habilidades y la condición física son los motivos más importantes para participantes de actividad física norteamericanos, europeos y asiáticos. El presente trabajo se realizó con el propósito de dar a conocer a los profesionales de las ciencias del movimiento humano, las diferentes variables que determinan los motivos de participación en los distintos tipos de actividad física en sujetos con diferente edad, género, cultura y nivel de actividad.
Motivation in physical activity constitutes a multidimensional psychological characteristic that is influenced by the person’s internal aspects (preferences, desires, fears, etc.) and his/her experiences in the external environment (social acceptance, friends, skills, etc.). In a period in which physical activity is globally increasing among people of all ages, it is important for physical educators, sports trainers, or physical instructors to know the main reasons for their trainees to exercise with the purpose of preparing ideal workout plans that would help them continue exercising. These plans should encourage subjects to enjoy and be satisfied with their participation, therefore, extending their active life cycle and avoiding quitting, which are closely related to a sedentary lifestyle and the risk of having chronic and degenerative diseases. Consequently, children prefer to exercise to have fun and make friends, adolescents to compete and make friends, college students for adventure and fun, adults to have regular physical activity, and senior citizens to obtain health benefits. Women are motivated by their appearance and social reasons, while men do it for competition and status. Subjects who practice sports are motivated by competition, while those who exercise do it for body image. The more physical activity is practiced the more value is given to competition. Finally, having fun, competing, learning skills, and being in good physical condition are the most relevant reasons for American, European, and Asian subjects to participate in physical activity. This research was conducted with the purpose of letting professionals of human movement sciences know the variables that determine the reasons for subjects of distinctive ages, gender, culture, and level of activity to participate in the different types of physical activities.
Motivation in physical activity constitutes a multidimensional psychological characteristic that is influenced by the person’s internal aspects (preferences, desires, fears, etc.) and his/her experiences in the external environment (social acceptance, friends, skills, etc.). In a period in which physical activity is globally increasing among people of all ages, it is important for physical educators, sports trainers, or physical instructors to know the main reasons for their trainees to exercise with the purpose of preparing ideal workout plans that would help them continue exercising. These plans should encourage subjects to enjoy and be satisfied with their participation, therefore, extending their active life cycle and avoiding quitting, which are closely related to a sedentary lifestyle and the risk of having chronic and degenerative diseases. Consequently, children prefer to exercise to have fun and make friends, adolescents to compete and make friends, college students for adventure and fun, adults to have regular physical activity, and senior citizens to obtain health benefits. Women are motivated by their appearance and social reasons, while men do it for competition and status. Subjects who practice sports are motivated by competition, while those who exercise do it for body image. The more physical activity is practiced the more value is given to competition. Finally, having fun, competing, learning skills, and being in good physical condition are the most relevant reasons for American, European, and Asian subjects to participate in physical activity. This research was conducted with the purpose of letting professionals of human movement sciences know the variables that determine the reasons for subjects of distinctive ages, gender, culture, and level of activity to participate in the different types of physical activities.
Palabras clave
Actividad física, cultura, deporte, ejercicio, motivación, motivos para participación, satisfacción, Physical activity, culture, sports, exercise, motivation, reasons for participation, satisfaction